UV-K_2S_2O_8深度处理亚胺培南生产废水

抗生素生产废水二级生物处理出水通常含部分难降解有机物,若不经处理直接排放,将对环境产生毒害,威胁人类身体健康。紫外光分解过硫酸盐产生SO-4·是一种新型的高级氧化技术。以亚胺培南生产废水二级出水为研究对象,对比了K_2S_2O_8氧化、UV辐射以及UV和K_2S_2O_8联合使用对其处理效果,系统研究了K_2S_2O_8投量、反应pH等因素对UV-K_2S_2O_8深度处理亚胺培南生产废水效果的影响。结果表明UV-K_2S_2O_8耦合是一种有效的去除废水中难降解有机污染物的技术,消除抗生素废水处理过程中存在的脱色不彻底等问题,在最优条件下,对COD去除率可达100%,TOC去除率达94.4%。为抗生素生产废水的深度处理提供技术参考。     

基于线性光谱模型的城市不透水面遥感估算

城市不透水面是评估城市生态环境和社会经济的关键指示性因子,对于城市规划和资源管理有着重要意义。本研究以长春市为例,使用2014年Landsat 8影像,基于"植被-不透水面-土壤"理论模型,采用多端元优化的提取方法,依据研究区实际土地覆被特点,选取了高反照度、低反照度、植被、裸土、耕地等五个端元,利用线性光谱模型求算长春市不透水面,利用高分辨率遥感影像高分一号对估算结果进行验证,并对其空间分布格局进行分析。结果表明:基于几何顶点的端元提取方法得到的城市不透水面比例的RMSE为0.126,误差范围在-0.366—0.387,而基于多端元优化提取方法获取结果的RMSE为0.079,误差范围在-0.319—0.265,且超过80%样本的绝对误差小于0.1,精度有显著提升;长春市绕城高速范围内平均城市不透水面比例为47.4%,整体分布呈现"三角形"特征,南部不透水面分布面积明显高于北部区域。从城市外环到内部一环,城市不透水面比例有明显的递增趋势,三环内比例超过66.7%,不透水面分布密集。总体来说,在城市区域尺度上,采用多端元优化提取方法,利用中等空间分辨率多光谱遥感数据提取城市不透水面精度令人满意。     

Inductive potency of TCDD, TBDD and three 2,3,7,8-mixed-halogenated dioxins in liver microsomes of male rats. Enzyme kinetic considerations

The enzyme inducing potency of single doses of three 2,3,7,8-substituted mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins was investigated and compared with 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TBDD. All substances showed a quite similar potency for EROD induction. The use of a substrate concentration of 0.5 μM ethoxyresorufin is strongly recommended.     

基于Himawari 8的沙尘遥感监测与应用

基于Himawari 8静止卫星数据实现了沙尘天气24h动态遥感监测.通过对Himawari 8通道15、13、11亮温值、通道15与13亮温差（BT15-BT 13）、通道13与11亮温差（BT13-BT 11）进行时间序列分析和直方图统计,发现在所选通道中,各地物亮温值分布较为接近,冰云亮温值约为220~250K;沙尘、水云和高纬度地表亮温值约为260~270K;低云、雾和中纬度地表亮温值约为270~290K.通道13对识别沙尘较为敏感,沙尘在通道13的亮温值明显低于通道11和15,在BT15-BT13亮温差值图上沙尘区存在明显高值,在BT13-BT11亮温差值图上为负值,明显低于其他地物.相关性分析结果显示,BT15-BT13和BT13-BT11与地面PM₁₀浓度在0.01水平上显著相关.通过BT15-BT13、BT13-BT11和通道13进行假彩色合成生成的沙尘遥感结果与气象数据,地面PM₁₀数据,激光雷达数据相结合,可对华北地区沙尘污染的起源,形成过程和行进轨迹进行24h的三维动态观测.     

Elevated 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine in genome of T24 bladder cancer cells induced by halobenzoquinones

Halobenzoquinones(HBQs) are an emerging class of halogenated disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in drinking water, which raised public concerns due to potential carcinogenic effects to human bladder. Our previous work demonstrated that HBQs and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2)together generated oxidative DNA damage via a metal-independent and intercalationenhanced oxidation mechanism in vitro. This study further investigated the efficiency of various HBQs to induce oxidative DNA damage in T24 bladder cancer cells. Compared with T24 cells without treatment(3.1 lesions per 10~6 d G), the level of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine(8-oxod G) significantly increased by 1.4, 3.2, 8.8, and 9.2 times after treatment with tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone(TBBQ), terachloro-1,4-benzoquinone(TCBQ),2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,6-DCBQ) and 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(2,5-DCBQ) for24 hr, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the oxidative potency of HBQs in T24 cells(2,5-DCBQ ≈ 2,6-DCBQ TCBQ TBBQ) is inconsistent with that of in vitro ds DNA oxidation(TCBQ TBBQ 2,5-DCBQ 2,6-DCBQ), suggesting HBQs induce oxidative lesions in cellular genomic DNA probably involved with a complex mechanism.     

Biological elimination of H2S and NH3 from wastegases by biofilter packed with immobilized heterotrophic bacteria

Biotreatment of various ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures was studied using the biofilters, packed with co-immobilized cells (Arthrobacter oxydans CH8 for NH₃ and Pseudomonas putida CH11 for H₂S). Extensive tests to determine removal characteristics, removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drops of the biofilters were performed. To estimate the largest allowable inlet concentration, a prediction model was also employed. Greater than 95% and 90% removal efficiencies were observed for NH₃ and H₂S, respectively, irrespective of the ratios of H₂S and NH₃ gas mixtures. The results showed that H₂S removal of the biofilter was significantly affected by high inlet concentrations of H₂S and NH₃. As high H₂S concentration was an inhibitory substrate for the growth of heterotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, the activity of H₂S oxidation was thus inhibited. In the case of high NH₃ concentration, the poor H₂S removal efficiency might be attributed to the acidification of the biofilter. The phenomenon was caused by acidic metabolite accumulation of NH₃. Through kinetic analysis, the presence of NH₃ did not hinder the NH₃ removal, but a high H₂S concentration would result in low removal efficiency. Conversely, H₂S of adequate concentrations would favor the removal of incoming NH₃. The results also indicated that maximum inlet concentrations (model-estimated) agreed well with the experimental values for space velocities of 50–150 h⁻¹. Hence, the results would be used as the guideline for the design and operation of biofilters.     

Isolation and characterization of a bacterial strain that efficiently degrades sex steroid hormones

A bacterial strain, ZY3, growing on sex steroid hormones as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the sewage treatment plant of a prophylactic steroids factory. ZY3 degrades the 3-methoxy-17β-hydroxy-1,3,5(10),8(9)-δ-4-estren (MHE). This strain was preliminarily identified as Raoultella sp. ZY3 according to its morphology and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. During the experimental period (72 h), the optimum temperature, pH and 3-MHE concentration for the degradation of hydride by the strain ZY3 were 35°C, 10 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of the sex steroid hormones increased to 87% and 85% after the addition of maltose and peptone, respectively. Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(5): 585–588 [译自: 中国环境科学]