我国炼化企业温室气体减排及CDM项目开展情况分析

我国炼化企业是高耗能高污染企业,温室气体排放量大而分散,减排潜力巨大。目前我国炼化企业比较重视废气的治理,如SOx,对于温室气体减排工作的研究投入力度相对较小,CDM项目很少且主要集中于N2O减排CDM项目。考虑到第一承诺期结束以后我国可能需要承担减排任务,单纯N2O减排将不能满足我国的温室气体减排需求。因此,我国炼化企业需要开展CO2减排技术研究。同时从节能减排及CO2资源化利用等方面对我国炼化企业进行分析,提出我国炼化企业节能减排措施,为我国炼化企业CO2减排提供理论依据。     

加快石油企业清洁发展的思路探索

实施清洁生产是石油企业实现"节能、降耗、减污、增效"和赢得市场的最佳选择。文章分析了清洁生产发展历程、石油企业清洁生产发展现状、发展清洁生产的保障措施、列举了长庆油田清洁生产典型案例。得出以下结论:石油企业实施的清洁生产治污观念必须由以前的末端治理变为源头和全过程控制;清洁生产纳入常规化管理,并与企业环境管理有机结合,完善奖惩激励机制,激发中低层环保管理者工作动力;转变认识、营造氛围、投入资金、创新技术、完善机制是促进清洁生产可持续发展的保障。     

循环型企业“三链”融合发展的途径与政策——以晋江东风橡胶有限公司为例

企业是发展循环经济的主体,循环型企业是建设生态文明的重要力量.从“技术链、产品链、价值链”融合发展的视角,分析循环型企业“三链”融合的概念内涵和重点工作,以福建省晋江东风橡胶有限公司为案例,研究循环型企业“三链”融合发展的实现途径,并从政府经济管理角度,提出推进循环型企业“三链”融合发展的政策体系,为解决循环型企业发展中面临的资源环境压力、技术创新不足等现实问题提供决策参考.     

钢铁企业浅层地下水污染评估与治理研究

搬迁企业原址浅层地下水可能受原生产活动的污染,因此,旧址再利用之前必须进行地下水污染调查分析和环境风险评价,判断是否需要进行地下水修复.采用理化分析对首钢某区域进行了地下水污染调查,采用内梅罗指数法进行研究区地下水环境风险评价,分析污染来源,并提出基于环境风险的地下水污染治理模式及技术经济分析.     

铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属的统计分析及空间分布研究

对广西某铅锌矿区周边农田表层进行了采样分析,测定了土壤中Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、Cu、As、Ni、Cr的含量,依据土壤环境质量标准,分析了研究区域内表层土壤重金属污染程度,并通过主要成分分析和半变异函数分析,对重金属的空间分布特征进行了研究.结果表明,调查区域不同程度地受到Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg.Cu.As、Ni、Cr的污染.其中污染最重的是Cd,100%超标,超标倍数在0.67～311.93之间;其次是Zn、Hg、Pb,超标率分别为97%、84%、36%,平均超标倍数分别为10.94、3.03、1.09;污染较轻的是As、Ni、Cu、Cr.主成分分析结果将8种重金属元素分为第一主成分(Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg)和第二主成分(As、Ni、Cu、Cr),第一和第二主成分的贡献率分别为54.36%和31.19%.第一主成分在离矿区较近的西北偏西面有着较高的分布,说明第一主成分主要受铅锌矿厂污染的影响;而第二主成分在离矿区较近的西北偏西面和离矿区较远的东南偏南面都有着较高的分布,说明第二主成分不仅与铅锌矿厂的污染有关,而且与土壤母质也有很大的关系.     

汽车尾气中的铅对茶园污染的研究

通过对位于交通干线两侧某茶园土壤及茶叶中铅含量的调查与分析，得出汽车尾气中的铅对茶园污染有较强的时空分布规律，提出了改善和提高茶叶品质的对策与建议。     

Lead removal from water using organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and inorganic-organic P-AAF, fixed bed filtration and surface-induced precipitation

Granular porous sorbents were normally used for heavy metals removal from water. To search for the new commercial sorbent and treatment strategy, an organic acrylic amine fiber (AAF) and phosphorus loading inorganic-organic AAF (P-AAF) were prepared and used for lead (Pb) removal from water. A new strategy of inorganic-organic coupling technology was proposed for Pb removal, based on the hypothesis of surface-induced precipitation mechanism. The AAF showed a Pb adsorption capacity of 417 mg/g from the Langmuir fitting, while the column filtration technology was further applied to measure the adsorption edge and applications. Effects of different initial Pb concentrations, hydraulic retention time, and co-existing P were considered in the filtration experiments. The presence of 0.8 mg/L P in water significantly improved the Pb breakthrough point from 15,000 to 41,000 bed volumes of water spiked with 85 µg/L Pb, while the P-AAF fixed bed showed better removal of Pb than AAF SEM/EDX and XRD spectra were employed for determining the surface functional groups and the formation of surface-induced precipitation of pyromorphite (Pb₅(PO₄)₃OH) on AAF. This study verified the application of AAF sorbent for Pb removal and the enhanced effect of coating P on AAF, thus improved our fundamental understanding and application of the surface chemistry process of Pb with P.     

环境样品中铅、锑、汞、硒形态分析研究进展

综述了环境样品中铅、锑、汞、硒形态分析的研究进展,以及光谱法、色谱法、毛细管电泳及其联用技术在形态分析中的应用,展望了环境样品痕量元素形态分析的发展前景。     

Food contamination as a pathway for lead exposure in children during the 2010–2013 lead poisoning epidemic in Zamfara, Nigeria

In 2010, an estimated 400 to 500 children died of acute lead poisoning associated with artisanal gold mining in Zamfara, Nigeria. Processing of gold ores containing up to 10% lead within residential compounds put residents, especially children, at the highest risk. Principal routes of exposure were incidental ingestion and inhalation of contaminated soil and dusts. Several Nigerian and international health organizations collaborated to reduce lead exposures through environmental remediation and medical treatment. The contribution of contaminated food to total lead exposure was assessed during the environmental health response. Objectives of this investigation were to assess the influence of cultural/dietary habits on lead exposure pathways and estimate the contribution of contaminated food to children's blood lead levels(BLLs). A survey of village dietary practices and staple food lead content was conducted to determine dietary composition, caloric intakes, and lead intake. Potential blood lead increments were estimated using bio-kinetic modeling techniques. Most dietary lead exposure was associated with contamination of staple cereal grains and legumes during post-harvest processing and preparation in contaminated homes. Average post-harvest and processed cereal grain lead levels were 0.32 mg/kg and 0.85 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Age-specific food lead intake ranged from 7 to 78 μg/day. Lead ingestion and absorption were likely aggravated by the dusty environment, fasting between meals, and nutritional deficiencies. Contamination of staple cereal grains by highly bioavailable pulverized ores could account for as much as 11%–34% of children's BLLs during the epidemic, and were a continuing source after residential soil remediation until stored grain inventories were exhausted.     

典型涉污企业周边土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险评价

分析和评价典型涉污企业周边土壤环境质量,对于加强企业用地环境风险管控,实施土壤重金属污染精准防控,进一步保障农产品质量安全具有重要意义。以18类典型涉污企业周边土壤为研究对象,对475家企业周边的2 017个监测样点进行土壤重金属Cd、As、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni元素含量测定,并采用主成分分析法、Hakanson 潜在生态风险指数法进行分析及评价。结果表明:典型涉污企业周边土壤重金属污染以Cd、Pb和As元素为主,各元素含量超过土壤污染风险筛选值的样品比例为9.82%~31.0%,超过土壤污染风险管控值的样品比例为4.46%~13.1%,其次是Zn、Cu、Hg和Ni,Cr无明显污染;主要污染元素Cd、Pb、As、Zn和Cu来自相同污染源且主要分布在有色金属矿采选业(B9)、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业(C31)、有色金属冶炼和压延加工业(C32)、生态保护和环境治理业(N77)等行业企业周边;黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业(C31)、有色金属矿采选业(B9)、有色金属冶炼和压延加工业(C32)等行业企业周边土壤重金属潜在生态风险等级较高,中等风险及以上比例分别为76.0%、53.0%和54.1%。可见,典型涉污企业周边土壤重金属存在一定程度的污染,尤其是有色金属矿采选业(B9)等采矿业以及黑色金属冶炼和压延加工(C31)等制造业等,污染程度高,潜在生态风险大,需要加强监测和管控。