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141.
SREEKANTH B. JONNALAGADDA ANDREW KINDNESS VIREN CHUNILALL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):747-764
The impact of coal mine dump contaminated soil on the elemental uptake by two edible plants, namely, Amaranthus dubius (red herbs) and Amaranthus hybridus (green herbs), was studied by investigating their response and ability to tolerate and accumulate varying levels of elements in their roots and shoots. The vegetation was grown on varying amounts of contaminated soil, viz. 0%, 5%, 15%, 25% w/w using coal mine dump soil. The soil was analyzed for soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), moisture content, and selected heavy metals. The distribution of six metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Mn, and Fe, in roots, stem, and leaves of the plants was determined in two stages of growth after 5 weeks and 10 weeks. All soil and plant samples were microwave digested and subjected to heavy metal analysis using the ICP-OES, GFAAS, and CVAAS. The pH of the coal mine dump contaminated soil decreased with an increase in contamination. Both the SOM and CEC values decreased, which increases the availability of elements, by providing more binding sites in the soil. Relatively, the red herbs had higher elemental concentrations than the green herbs. Both plants recorded high manganese accumulation. No mercury was detected in the soils or plants. 相似文献
142.
硫酸铅可以在柠檬酸钠-乙酸体系中脱硫转化生成柠檬酸铅。考察了柠檬酸钠投加量、反应时间、固液比以及反应温度对PbSO4浸出转化的影响。实验结果表明,PbSO4的转化率随着柠檬酸钠投加量和反应时间的增加而增大,固液比和反应温度对浸出过程影响不大。溶液中溶解的铅含量随着柠檬酸钠投加量的增大而增大,其他条件对其影响不明显。最佳浸出工艺条件是:柠檬酸钠与PbSO。的物质的量之比为2:1,固液比为1/5~1/3,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为2h,此时PbSO4的转化率可达到99%左右,溶液中的铅含量为总铅的3.8%左右。PbSO4浸出得到[Pb,(C。H,O,),]·3H2O,它在350℃左右可完全分解,得到PbO/Pb粉末。 相似文献
143.
硫酸铅可以在柠檬酸钠-乙酸体系中脱硫转化生成柠檬酸铅.考察了柠檬酸钠投加量、反应时间、固液比以及反应温度对PbSO4浸出转化的影响.实验结果表明,PbSO4的转化率随着柠檬酸钠投加量和反应时间的增加而增大,固液比和反应温度对浸出过程影响不大.溶液中溶解的铅含量随着柠檬酸钠投加量的增大而增大,其他条件对其影响不明显.最佳浸出工艺条件是:柠檬酸钠与PbSO4的物质的量之比为2:1,固液比为1/5~ 1/3,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为2h,此时PbSO4的转化率可达到99%左右,溶液中的铅含量为总铅的3.8%左右.PbSO4浸出得到[Pb3(C6H5O7)2]·3H2O,它在350℃左右可完全分解,得到PbO/Pb粉末. 相似文献
144.
145.
Using stable lead isotopes to trace heavy metal contamination sources in sediments of Xiangjiang and Lishui Rivers in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lead isotopes and heavy metal concentrations were measured in two sediment cores sampled in estuaries of Xiangjiang and Lishui Rivers in Hunan province, China. The presence of anthropogenic contribution was observed in both sediments, especially in Xiangjiang sediment. In the Xiangjiang sediment, the lower 206Pb/207Pb and higher 208Pb/206Pb ratio, than natural Pb isotope signature (1.198 and 2.075 for 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb, respectively), indicated a significant input of non-indigenous Pb with low 206Pb/207Pb and high 208Pb/206Pb. The corresponding concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Zn, Mn and Pb) were much higher than natural values, suggesting the contaminations of heavy metals from extensive ore-mining activities in the region. 相似文献
146.
Oxidative stress, cytoxicity, and cell mortality induced by nano-sized lead in aqueous suspensions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cornejo-Garrido H Kibanova D Nieto-Camacho A Guzmán J Ramírez-Apan T Fernández-Lomelín P Garduño ML Cervini-Silva J 《Chemosphere》2011,84(10):1329-1335
This paper reports on the effect of aqueous and nano-particulated Pb on oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation), cytoxicity, and cell mortality. As determined by the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method, only 6 h after incubation aqueous suspensions bearing nano-sized PbO2, soluble Pb(II), and brain-homogenate only suspensions, were determined to contain as much as ca. 7, 5, and 1 nmol TBARS mg protein−1, respectively. Exposure of human cells (central nervous system, prostate, leukemia, colon, breast, lung cells) to nano-PbO2 led to cell-growth inhibition values (%) ca. ≤18.7%. Finally, as estimated by the Artemia salina test, cell mortality values were found to show high-survival larvae rates. Microscopic observations revealed that Pb particles were swallowed, but caused no mortality, however. 相似文献
147.
Å.M.M. Berglund P.K. Ingvarsson N.E.I. Nyholm 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1368-4334
Mining activities affect the surrounding environment by increasing exposure to metals. In this study, metal accumulation and its effects on reproduction and health of pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings were monitored before and up to five years after a lead mine and enrichment plant closed down. The lead concentration in moss, nestling blood, liver and feces all indicated decreased lead exposure by at least 31% after closure, although only blood lead decreased significantly. Although the birds responded fairly well to the changed atmospheric deposition (based on moss samples), concentrations were still higher compared with birds in a reference area, and breeding was affected at the mine (smaller clutches and higher mortality). Surviving nestlings suffered from lower hemoglobin levels, mean cell hemoglobin concentrations and inhibited δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity. Lead poisoning contributed to poor health and adverse reproductive effects, but other factors (e.g. increased parasitic load) probably also affected the birds. 相似文献
148.
Jens Søndergaard Gert Asmund Bo Elberling 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1319-4071
Identification of mining-related contaminants is important in order to assess the spreading of contaminants from mining as well as for site remediation purposes. This study focuses on lead (Pb) contamination in biota near the abandoned ‘Black Angel Mine’ in West Greenland in the period 1988-2008. Stable Pb isotope ratios and total Pb concentrations were determined in lichens, seaweed and mussels as well as in marine sediments. The results show that natural background Pb (207Pb/206Pb: 0.704-0.767) and Pb originating from the mine ore (207Pb/206Pb: 0.955) have distinct isotopic fingerprints. Total Pb in lichens, seaweed, and mussels was measured at values up to 633, 19 and 1536 mg kg−1 dry weight, respectively, and is shown to be a mixture of natural Pb and ore-Pb. This enables quantification of mining-related Pb and shows that application of Pb isotope data is a valuable tool for monitoring mining pollution. 相似文献
149.
S. Höss W. Ahlf H. Hollert M. Hammers-Wirtz 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2999-3010
Freshwater sediments with low levels of anthropogenic contamination and a broad range of geochemical properties were investigated using various sediment-contact tests in order to study the natural variability and to define toxicity thresholds for the various toxicity endpoints. Tests were performed with bacteria (Arthrobacter globiformis), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus), higher plants (Myriophyllum aquaticum), and the eggs of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The variability in the response of some of the contact tests could be explained by particle size distribution and organic content. Only for two native sediments could a pollution effect not be excluded. Based on the minimal detectable difference (MDD) and the maximal tolerable inhibition (MTI), toxicity thresholds (% inhibition compared to the control) were derived for each toxicity parameter: >20% for plant growth and fish-egg survival, >25% for nematode growth and oligochaete reproduction, >50% for nematode reproduction and >60% for bacterial enzyme activity. 相似文献
150.
Adsorption of Pb and Cd in the presence and absence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) on natural surface coatings (NSCs), which were collected in the Nanhu Lake in Changchun, China, was measured in order to investigate the effect of the OCPs on the adsorption of heavy metals on the NSCs. Adsorption of Pb/Cd was carried out under controlled laboratory conditions (mineral salt solution with defined species, ionic strength 0.05 mol/l, 25 degrees C and pH 6.0) with initial Pb and Cd concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 2.5 mol/l. The classical Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate the equilibrium coefficients of the adsorption of Pb and Cd on the NSCs. Adsorption interference between Pb/Cd and the OCPs on the NSCs indicated that the adsorption of Pb/Cd on the NSCs was influenced by the OCPs, and competitive adsorption between Pb and the OCPs was observed while adsorption of Cd was enhanced by addition of the OCPs. Adsorption data fit the Langmuir isotherm well for the NSCs treated with the OCPs at different equilibrium concentrations. The results showed that the amount of adsorbed Pb decreased by more than 40% while the amount of adsorbed Cd increased by over 60% with an increase in the initial concentrations of the OCPs ranging from 0 to 5.0 microg/l and that adsorption of Pb/Cd on the NSCs was strongly affected by the OCPs. This preliminary study highlights the importance of the OCPs on the NSCs in controlling the transport, fate, biogeochemistry, bioavailability and toxicity of trace metals in aquatic environments. 相似文献