Assessment of lead pollution in topsoils of a southern Italy area: Analysis of urban and peri-urban environment

Exposure to lead (Pb) may affect adversely human health. Mapping soil Pb contents is essential to obtain a quantitative estimate of potential risk of Pb contamination. The main aim of this paper was to determine the soil Pb concentrations in the urban and peri-urban area of Cosenza–Rende to map their spatial distribution and assess the probability that soil Pb concentration exceeds a critical threshold that might cause concern for human health. Samples were collected at 149 locations from residual and non-residual topsoil in gardens, parks, flower-beds, and agricultural fields. Fine earth fraction of soil samples was analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Stochastic images generated by the sequential Gaussian simulation were jointly combined to calculate the probability of exceeding the critical threshold that could be used to delineate the potentially risky areas. Results showed areas in which Pb concentration values were higher to the Italian regulatory values. These polluted areas were quite large and likely, they could create a significant health risk for human beings and vegetation in the near future. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach can be used to study soil contamination to produce geochemical maps, and identify hot-spot areas for soil Pb concentration.     

铅酸电池系统的铅流分析

探求铅的工业流动规律,寻求环境管理的理论依据.在构建铅酸电池生命周期铅流图基础上,建立了铅酸电池系统与外部环境之间的联系,获得了铅的工业流动基本规律.结果表明,提高铅的生态效率,有助于铅矿资源保护和环境改善.要做到这一点,需要保持较高的铅循环率、较低的铅排放率.提出了铅流状况的评价指标.分析了中国铅酸电池系统中铅的流动.通过与瑞典某铅酸电池系统中铅的流动进行对比,发现由于中国铅的循环率低下、铅的排放率偏高、铅酸电池年产量持续增长等,造成了中国铅酸电池系统中铅的生态效率十分低下.结合中国铅业实况,分析了铅的循环率低下和铅的排放率偏高的成因,提出了改善对策.     

天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染原位钝化修复效应研究

为研究天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染的原位钝化修复效应,在天津市某地开展了田间示范实验,以油麦菜、油菜和萝卜为模式作物,以海泡石、膨润土和磷肥等作为钝化修复材料,研究其对蔬菜可食部位生物量、镉铅含量和土壤中镉铅形态分布的影响,考察其对土壤镉铅污染的原位钝化修复效果.结果表明:磷肥、海泡石/磷肥复配、膨润土/磷肥复配...     

柠檬酸浸出废弃电池材料中镍钴锰金属的研究

随着锂离子电池使用领域和范围越来越广泛,其产销量日益增长,由此产生的废旧锂离子电池的回收处理问题也日趋严重.如何提高废旧电池中锂镍钴锰等有价金属的回收效率,以及在回收过程中减少对环境造成的二次污染,是目前环境科研者研究的热点问题.以柠檬酸为浸出酸,研究了废弃锂离子电池正极材料镍钴锰酸锂在柠檬酸溶液中浸出效果,比较不同反应时间、反应温度、柠檬酸浓度、固液比以及添加双氧水和硫代硫酸钠对镍钴锰浸出效率的影响.结果表明延长反应时间、提高反应温度和柠檬酸浓度有利于有价金属的浸出,双氧水和硫代硫酸钠的添加对镍钴锰的浸出有显著促进作用.     

太原市大气PM_(2.5)中铅同位素特征研究

使用ICP-MS测定太原市2009年夏季至2010年春季典型月份中存在于PM2.5上的铅(Pb)及同位素特征,分析了铅的浓度水平、季节变化特征,探讨了铅同位素丰度比特征,并由富集因子法初步解析了铅的来源。结果显示,太原市环境大气中存在于PM2.5上的Pb含量为270.83ng/m3,低于我国环境空气质量标准(GB3095-2012)中对颗粒物中铅的年均限值,在国内属中等水平。冬季存在于PM2.5中的Pb浓度水平最高,与取暖燃煤排放有关;扬尘中的Pb富集则对春季的Pb污染有较大贡献。Pb与PM2.5的相关性显示夏季和冬季二者来源一致,皆为燃煤排放;206 Pb/207 Pb与208 Pb/206 Pb的同位素丰度比特征也表明PM2.5中Pb的主要源于燃煤排放,由于冬季煤炭消费量较高,其燃烧排放对PM2.5中Pb的贡献高于其他季节。采样期间PM2.5中Pb的富集因子(20.45)显示,Pb主要源于人为活动的排放;春季的富集因子(10.76)接近10,表明春季时自然源的Pb对PM2.5的贡献较大。     

Roadside dusts and soils contamination in Cincinnati,Ohio, USA

Roadside dusts and soils were collected from various nonindustrial districts in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, and analyzed for lead and copper contents. Results showed that the recent lead phase-down action has reduced the level of lead, but the concentrations of both metals are still higher than the background levels for normal soil. Elevated concentrations of copper in heavily traveled highways were noted, suggesting that much of the copper pollutants is probably of automotive origin. The concentration of lead was found to vary with housing age, and higher levels of contamination in the older neighborhoods were observed. This result is probably ascribable to the accumulation of residues from leaded gasoline and lead-based paint in the past and the use of coal fire for space heating in older houses.     

从废干电池回收锌生产纳米氧化锌粉

说明了废旧电池的危害，提出了对废旧干电池中锰粉、碳棒、铜帽、锌皮等可再利用资源的回收利用方法。着重介绍了从锌皮制取纳米级氧化锌的优惠工艺条件，对所制得的氧化锌产物进行的X射线衍射分析和TEM分析，表明所得的产品为耐纯纳米氧化锌粉。进而指出了纳米氧化锌粉在橡胶工业、陶瓷材料以及高科技磁性材料产品中的用途。     

公路两侧土壤中铅的分布规律研究

我们对干线公路两侧土壤中的分布规律进行了研究，得出了公路两土壤铅的一与离公路国边沿的距离符合高斯衰减分布模型，通过比较在正常速率行驶和台速行驶路段的模型参数，对公路两侧土壤中铅含量的影响因素进行了讨论。     

国内外废电池管理与回收处理分析

通过对国内外在废电池的管理与回收利用方面的成果及存在问题的分析 ,探讨了如何加强废电池环境无害化管理的方法 ,提出了控制电池生产源、加强管理法规建设、完善管理体系、建立健全环境无害化管理机制、研究适合国情的先进技术等几方面的建议     

浅谈手机废旧电池的回收利用

移动通信的快速发展和手机的大量使用,手机废旧电池给环境带来的危害必将日益明显,但目前关于废旧手机电池的研究很少,主要是一些国外的报道,文章就几种手机电池的组成、危害及回收工艺进行了综合分析,并对电池回收过程提出了几点建议,希望对我国的手机废旧电池的回收利用有所帮助.