市场经济中的安全工程专业

基于市场经济背景和煤矿企业改革现状，阐明了矿山通风与安全工程专业改革的迫切性和发展的方向，探讨了改革方案。     

Benthic diatom community response to metal contamination from an abandoned Cu mine: Case study of the Gromolo Torrent (Italy)

Environmental contamination has become a global problem of increasing intensity due to the exponential growth of industrialization. One main debated issue is the metal contamination of rivers receiving Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) from active/abandoned mines. In order to assess the quality of lotic systems, diatoms are commonly used, as their assemblage modifies on the basis of changes in environmental parameters. Benthic diatom changes were analyzed along the metal-impacted Gromolo Torrent (Liguria, NW Italy) with the aim of understanding the effects of input from the abandoned Libiola Cu mine. The results support the hypothesis that metals from AMD lead to massive changes in diatoms, resulting in low biological diversity and in a shift of dominance, passing from the genera Cymbella and Cocconeis to more tolerant and opportunistic species, such as Achnanthidium minutissimum and Fragilaria rumpens. The high concentrations of labile metals, measured through Diffusion Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) immediately downstream of the two AMD inputs in the torrent, corresponded to a sudden decrease in the presence of diatoms, indicating the possible reaching of acute toxic levels. In particular, A. minutissimum dominated the mining area and was positively correlated with Cu and Zn; whereas F. rumpens bloomed downstream of this area, where the metal content was diluted, and was positively correlated with As and Pb. Finally, an important abundance of Nitzschia palea and teratological forms of A. minutissimum and F. rumpens were observed downstream from the mine, indicating that metals may have an important impact on diatoms up to the torrent mouth.     

玉米植株各器官中重金属含量相关性的研究

为探讨大宗粮食作物玉米植株各器官中重金属含量的相关性,选择6个玉米品种进行盆栽实验。盆栽试验的土壤来自西南某省铅锌矿区。研究结果表明,(1)6个供试品种植株籽粒中,Ni、Pb、Zn的含量全部超标;部分品种玉米中的Cd含量超标;6个供试品种植株玉米中的Cr、Cu含量全部达标。(2)重金属含量在玉米各器官中存在交互效应;如,供试植株叶片中Cu与Ni、Pb与Zn分别存在显著正相关;在供试植株的叶片和茎秆中,Cd、Pb、Zn三者的含量呈显著性正相关。(3)金属Ni在供试植物茎秆与籽粒中存在交换的情况;金属Pb的含量在供试植株根部与茎秆的差异较大,其可能原因是植株茎秆对铅的吸收达到了饱和上限;金属Zn的含量在植株籽粒与茎秆中的差异较大,主要是因为Zn在玉米植株内的移动性强,且Zn最容易在籽粒中积累。     

Mine safety information technology in the framework of Digital Mine

Digital Mine is a key research domain of Digital Earth. Because of the spatio-temporal, three-dimensional and intrinsically dynamic nature of mine safety management data, it is difficult to make a breakthrough in this domain. As a key part of Digital Mine, the construction of the Digital Mine Safety Management System (DMSMS) pushes Digital Mine a step forward from operation as a mere concept to achievement as a realistic system. In this paper, the technical framework of the DMSMS in the framework of Digital Mine is discussed, including its data, function and application layers. A key technology is then studied in detail that will enable the construction of the three-dimensional geological environment and the visualization and integration of the mine safety data.     

绿色“引擎”促可持续发展之路——新天地环境服务集团“城市矿产”示范基地建设

新天地环境服务集团作为环保战略新兴产业的领跑者,被列为国家首批"城市矿产"示范基地之一。新天地集团抢抓机遇,勇于创新,不断思考和探索"城市矿产"示范基地建设的新思路和新模式,取得了积极成效。     

Biological mine drainage treatment

Drainage from sulphur mines contains a high concentration of ferrous iron and it is strongly acidic. The mechanism of acid mine drainage formation was briefly explained. As a case study, successful measures taken at the abandoned Matsuo mine, Iwate Prefecture, Japan, for preventing the pollution in receiving rivers was presented in this paper. The measures consisted of the construction works against pollution sources and the construction of a drainage treatment plant in which Thiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidizes ferrous iron under a low pH condition, and produced ferric iron is removed by sedimentation. Then, a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor using anion exchange resin as attaching material for the bacteria was examined in order to improve the efficiency of biological oxidation of ferrous iron. More than 90% of oxidation had been maintained for 2 months at 1 h of HRT, which suggests that the size of the oxidation tank could be reduced.     

矿山灾害学的研究模式、特征与方法

矿山灾害学主要研究矿山灾害成因动力学、矿山灾害运动学、矿山灾害预测学和矿山灾害防治对策学等 4个内容 ,其研究模型可分为工程技术研究、技术科学研究和基础科学研究三大层次 ,具有学科交叉与综合、生态环境、社会参与、安全教育和工程科学研究五大特征 ,研究方法须以科学的系统论思想为指导 ,采用逻辑辩证与历史唯物相统一法 ,既从微观上研究单一矿山灾种事故的防治技术与方法 ,又从宏观上以不同学科、不同层次、不同方位切入 ,对矿山灾害进行系统的通盘研究 ,与此同时 ,还必须大力开展多层次、多领域、多方位的国际协作与研究。因此 ,矿山灾害学的研究与发展 ,不但拓宽了矿山灾害科学研究的领域 ,而且对现代“灾害学”的建立和发展也具有十分重大的科学价值     

复杂矿井通风系统分支阻力可调性数值研究

笔者应用数字实验方法 ,通过调节分支阻力 ,研究它对通风系统的影响。研究结果表明 :当一些分支的阻力调到接近完全隔断风流的极大值时 ,网络分析结果仍然正常 ,不影响迭代技术 ;同样也说明了分支阻力预先输入的可行性 ;各分支阻力的变化对通风系统的影响程度是不一样的 ,这由分支在通风网络中的位置决定 ;通过分析 ,给出了通风系统中两风机的相互影响的情况。     

基于单元特性的通风系统可靠性分配方法研究

通风系统可靠性分配是优化矿井通风系统可靠性设计、保障安全生产和日常管理的一项重要指标。在系统可靠性设计过程中 ,如何根据具有一定冗余度的通风系统进行可靠性指标的分配或再分配 ,是现场通风安全技术管理人员面临的一个重要课题。笔者以可靠性工程理论为指导 ,针对矿井通风系统时变、可修的特点 ,分别从基于单元相对易损度、基于单元重要复杂度以及基于单元故障频率角度对矿井通风系统可靠性进行了再分配方法研究 ,并以矿用主通风机系统为实例 ,进行了应用分析和验证。实践证明 ,采用上述分配方法的最终分配结果均接近期望的目标值 ,且满足不低于目标值的要求。该分配方法的研究 ,可为矿井通风系统可靠性优化设计提供一条新的研究思路。     

硫磺沟煤矿3#井矿井水处理措施分析

硫磺沟煤矿紧邻头屯河，多年以来煤矿矿井水未做任何处理直接排入头屯河，已经对头屯河造成了污染。本文根据硫磺沟煤矿3^#井矿井水涌水量、水质情况及处理后所排入水体的标准要求，确定矿井水处理工艺、主要处理构筑物及技术参数，以使矿井水达标排放，减轻对头屯河水的污染。