矿井通风阻力测定中位能计算方法初探

通过对现场通风阻力测定数据的分析,将矿井通风学伯诺里方程中位能中的Z值,由原定义的测点海拔标高值,修正为测点距通风系统中最低点的垂直距离,消除了原定义所引起的位能计算误差。     

古汉山煤层瓦斯突出防治措施探讨

本文针对河南焦作古汉山煤矿煤层瓦斯突出问题,通过相关工程实践技术的研究,从预抽成孔机理及钻具参数的优化配置的角度,有针对性地提出了该煤矿煤层瓦斯突出防治的具体技术措施,以为提高防治煤层瓦斯突出的工作效率、降低矿山瓦斯突出的危险提供依据.     

张集矿发展循环经济途径探索

介绍了循环经济的含义、内涵、原则,阐述煤矿循环经济的发展模式,简单分析了张集煤矿的矿产资源状况,并从矿井水资源的净化利用、粉煤灰、煤矸石及瓦斯气的综合利用4个方面探讨了张集矿在发展循环经济方面的途径。     

层次分析法在矿山水环境质量评价中的应用

层次分析法是一种定性和定量相结合的、系统化、层次化的分析方法,是决策者按照人类决策过程的“分解-判断-综合”的思想特点,对复杂系统的决策思维过程模型化、数量化的过程。通过分析和研究,从水质和水量两方面入手,建立了矿山水环境质量评价指标体系,应用层次分析法将各层次权重综合,计算出各层次要素对总目标的组合权重,最终确定影响矿山水环境的主要因素为矿化度、pH值、矿山疏排水量以及有机污染指标。     

长江下游典型硫铁矿集采区矿山地质环境现状分析

文章在对长江下游铜陵硫铁矿集中开采区矿山地质环境系统调查的基础上,分析阐述了主要矿山地质环境问题及其成因、分布特征,其中地面塌陷、含水层破坏和水土污染较为严重;结合矿山地质环境现状、保护治理政策及成效,分析预测了矿山地质环境问题的发展趋势,为矿山地质环境恢复治理提供了基础支撑作用。     

某矿斜井跑车伤害事故分析及对策

利用事故树对某矿斜井运输中的跑车伤害事故进行了分析,并提出了相应的隐患整改措施和标准化作业程序。     

大宝山矿区污染水体中重金属的形态分布及迁移转化

对受广东大宝山矿区矿山废水排放污染的横石河水体中的过滤水、悬浮物和沉积物中重金属的污染分布特征及其迁移转化进行了系统地研究.结果表明:该水体的环境污染是以Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb则为主的多金属复合污染,综合污染指数(PI)为2.23～18.11,重金属Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb的溶解态质量浓度分别达13.82,50.83,0.103和2.91 mg/L;Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb的溶解态、悬浮态及总量沿河流断面呈相似的空间分布规律,而As则略有不同,但都是沿水流方向逐渐降低的;由于受低pH的影响,水体中As主要以细微颗粒物悬浮态为迁移载体,而Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb则以水溶态为主要迁移方式; 沉积物中5种重金属元素都以残渣态为主要存在形态,Cd和Pb的可交换态及Cu和Zn的有机态含量很高,说明这4种元素对环境都有一定的潜在威胁性.      

我国铁矿区土地复垦存在的问题及对策研究

铁矿开采过程中严重地破坏土地,改变了矿区的生态环境。铁矿区土地复垦是恢复矿区生态环境的主要措施。本文对铁矿区土地复垦的现状、存在的问题进行了探讨,并对铁矿区土地复垦提出一些建议。     

Economic and financial aspects of mine closure

Today, mine reclamation is a key component to a successful mine plan. Most of the industrialized nations have recognized the need to make mining activities relatively environmentally friendly, if they want to continue to benefit from the economic gains from mineral resource development. Countries such as the United States, Canada, Australia and South Africa are leaders in the field and have implemented relatively sophisticated legislation to ensure environmentally correct mine closure. These countries rely on a combination of strict control strategies and economic penalties to ensure compliance. Yet, from the firm's perspective, reclamation activities are counterproductive as they cut into profits. In order to attract economic development and earn much needed economic capital, most of the rest of the world, particularly the developing countries, lack effective mine closure legislation. The traditional command and control type of legislation that is sometimes used is either vague and therefore avoided, or not enforced appropriately, resulting in an undesirable level of environmental degradation. With the use of case studies from Brazil, this article shows that direct controls are effective in some instances and not in others. It proposes that economic and financial tools may be more effective than the traditional direct controls in getting firms to comply with environmental standards, particularly in developing countries where environmental compliance is more difficult to achieve. It explains the use of performance bonding as one type of economic incentive that has proven to be an effective environmental policy in mine planning and closure. The authors additionally push beyond the typical style of performance bonds to introduce a flexible bonding and insurance system that allows governments to maintain strict environmental standards but limits firms financial exposure during the mining process. Such a system learns from the successes of the industrialized countries that use performance bonding and is sensitive to the needs of developing nations to attract investment yet maintain environmental integrity.     

乐安江河水和沉积物中Cu，Pb，Zn的时空变化特征及来源分析

德兴铜矿是亚洲最大的露天铜矿,其酸性矿山废水(AMD)对乐安江的影响在20世纪80—90年代曾得到了系统的评价. 然而,相比10年前,该矿山的产量已经增加4倍,但乐安江重金属污染变化情况目前尚不了解. 研究表明:乐安江河水、悬浮颗粒物和沉积物中重金属的空间分布主要与德兴铜矿和银山铅锌矿的AMD输入有关. 与10年前相比,如今由于乐安江上下游的几个重金属污染源被清理掉了,所采集到的样品中Cu,Pb和Zn的含量都比较低;而且由于贫铜矿石(w(Cu)<0.3%)得到了充分利用,乐安江沉积物中Cu含量明显下降.