Marine Organisms as Indicators of Heavy Metal Pollution-Experience from 16 Years of Monitoring at a Lead Zinc Mine in Greenland

In monitoring the impact of a lead-zinc mine in Greenland, species of fish, prawns, seaweed and mussels have been analysed for cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for several years. These metals have been released to the marine environment in significant amounts from the mining operation.     

矿山地质灾害及其对策

本文就矿山开发所产生的各种环境地质灾害及其对策进行了扼要介绍,并列举了国内外有关灾害实例加以论证。     

矿井热害产生的原因、危害及防治措施

随着矿井开采深度的增加 ,矿井中高温高湿热害问题会越来越严重。笔者分析了矿井中高温高湿热害产生的具体原因、对人体的严重危害 ,并探讨了对其防治的相应措施 ,建立井下适宜的作业环境 ,保护矿工的身体健康 ,保证矿山生产安全、稳定、高效地向前发展。笔者旨在提醒人们对矿井中高温高湿热害这个问题引起重视 ,尽量减少其对人体的危害 ,采取一切有效办法 ,尽快解决矿井中高温高湿热害问题     

矿井水中微量油测试的几个问题探讨

矿井水中的油由于含量较低且水质特殊，一般较难测准。本文提出了在测试矿井水中微量油时存在的一些问题，如分析方法的选择、标准油、空白水样及水中悬浮物对测试结果的影响等，并提出了解决这些问题的措施。     

露天煤矿待复垦土地生产潜力评价方法研究

露天煤矿待复垦土地生产潜力评价是编制土地复垦规划的一个重要内容。本文从露天煤矿待复垦土地生产潜力评价的必要性和特殊性出发,分别对评价因子指标定量或定性易量化和定性不易量化等不同类问题进行了评价方法及评价过程的研究,并根据安太堡露天煤矿复垦10年的经验进行了验证。同时,验证的结果应用于生态条件相似的将要开采的安家岭露天煤矿。     

含氰尾矿充填前碱氯法处理的技术研究

应用碱氯法处理含氰废水和废矿浆的实验表明：经处理后氰化物浓度可以达到国家的《污水综合排放标准》要求。用次氯酸钙处理的效果优于漂白粉,而且成本也可以得到降低。相同浓度的废水和矿浆,后者的次氯酸钙用量要低于前者。二者的剩余氰化物浓度和次氯酸钙用量都呈对数曲线关系,回归方程都可以表示为y=a-blnx。     

包钢三合明铁矿开发对生态环境的影响

《包钢三合明铁矿区西部异常区矿产资源开发利用工程》是以地下采矿和湿法磁选选矿为生产工艺流程的建设项目,本文根据工程项目的特性、建设内容、生态影响识别,结合工程厂址周围环境特征,重点分析了工程建设期、运营期对周围生态环境的影响,并提出相应防治对策。     

Changes in river discharge structure and regime in mining-industrial-urban areas

In mining-industrial-urban areas, the variability of river discharge is regulated, directly or indirectly, by human economic activity. This results from the presence of alien water, which often comes from outside the catchment area, is discharged into the river network. This water includes industrial and municipal wastewater and deep-drainage mine water. Simultaneously, as a result of water intake and water infiltration into dry ground (due to mining), the volume of river discharge decreases. Such changeable conditions of water alimentation and drainage are typical of many regions of Europe. Detailed investigations of the range and directions of changes in river structure and regime were carried out for the area of Upper Silesian Industrial Region (USIR) of Poland. The results were compared with the results of investigations carried out in the Ruhr Basin of Germany and the Donetsk Basin of the Ukraine and Russia. The investigations showed that, in some cases, prolonged, multifunctional economic activity of a man has effectively eliminated of the influence of natural hydrometeorological conditions on river discharge. Wastewater and mine water which has contributed to river flow is only slightly variable in the annual cycle and it causes an increase of water volume and a discharge smoothing. Sewage effluent and mine wastewater also change the structure of river runoff because their contribution to the runoff sometimes exceeds 90% of its volume.     

矿井综采作业面毒害气体积聚现象的数值模拟研究

本文研究矿井综采作业面附近毒害气体的积聚过程和分布规律。由"U"型通风作业面实际情况出发,提出作业面几何模型和气体流动的动力学控制方程,运用数值分析方法跟踪以CH_4和CO为代表的毒害气体在正常通风作业面的积累和分布情况。计算结果证实,作业面煤层和采空回填区释放出的CH_4和CO因局部涡流作用在回风巷隅角积聚,气体浓度经历升高而后逐渐稳定的过程;设备附近的毒害气体积聚过程与回风巷隅角类似,但积聚速度较快。迎风面附近CH_4和CO气体浓度相对较低;受上浮效应影响,背风面的毒害气体浓度积聚过程主要发生在背风面中上部。在常规通风条件下,局部CH_4浓度已超出安全规程允许的最高值,CO浓度亦达到危害人体健康的水平。本项工作获得的认识为作业面附近毒害气体监测和控制提供指导。     

Geographical distribution and risk assessment of heavy metals: a case study of mine tailings pond

ABSTRACT

In China, a large number of tailings deposited on natural surfaces, the potential risk of tailings attracts people’s attention. In this study, heavy metals distribution, geo-accumulation index, ecological risk index, microbial diversity and community were examined to evaluate the risks of a tailings pond. Results indicated the tailings pH is about 8.17, and the redox potential was lower than zero. Heavy metals could be leached and migrate from the tailings. The tailings pond had more influence on the distribution of Pb, Zn, As, Cu, and S. The influence distance of Pb, Zn, and Cu was less than 10?m, and the influence distance of As and S was less than 50?m. S and As had stronger migration capability than other elements in the soil. The biggest potential ecological risk resulted from Pb, and the distances more than 100?m had low ecological risk. The tailings decreased microbial richness and diversity of the surrounding environment. Oxidising bacteria and reducing bacteria existed in both the tailings and the surrounding soils; however, there were more oxidising and reducing microbes in the tailings than in the surrounding soils. The tailings pond currently has little impact on the environment, but the potential risk still exists.