采取多种手段解决环境污染投诉

环境污染扰民问题涉及面广、投诉量大，以现有的环境行政手段，已难以满足广大人民群众要求解决污染扰民问题的强烈愿望。提出解决污染扰民问题，首先要提升环境行政手段，加强污染扰民的源头控制；其次应运用法律援助手段，保障群众合法权益；再次必须引入司法调解手段，建立有效的污染投诉调解机制。     

环境监测数据法律地位的思考

概述了监测数据的法律地位，对指导当前的环境保护执法工作具有重要的现实意义．     

环境污染侵权责任制度的完善探讨

随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展，特别是工业化和城市化的大规模展开，由环境污染所造成的环境侵权问题将成为今后我国的一大社会问题。我国环境污染侵权责任制度已经建立了较好的基础，但在责任构成，举证责任、赔偿范围，责任方式与救济途径等方面仍然存在不少问题与缺陷，这就需要我们认真借鉴国外行之有效的一些先进做法，针对这些问题采取相应的对策来加以健全与完善。     

浅析污染转嫁及其法律责任

根据主体特征,将污染转嫁分为涉外污染转嫁和内部污染转嫁。其法律责任包括行政责任,民事责任和刑事责任。分别就这三种责任的构成要件及责任分担,作了具体分析,并提出了作者的见解。     

水资源立法浅探

水资源是基础性的自然资源和战略性的经济资源。因此,世界上不少国家和国际组织采用法律手段对水资源实施保护和管理。随着经济和社会的不断发展,合理开发利用水资源,特别是依法保护和管理水资源已经成为我国可持续发展中的一个重大课题。鉴于我国新水法的颁布与实施,结合我国水资源管理现状,进一步研究建立水资源的物权法律体系,从而在水资源领域以水权为价值取向,健全和完善水资源保护的法律制度,以实现我国水资源开发利用的法律调整之目的。     

畋论环境权救济法律制度的基本内容和结构－从环境权的视角分析

简要介绍了环境权理论及其法律实践，指出应当同时从实体意义和程序意义两个方面来理解和把握环境权；明确和界定了“救济”的含义，并进一步指出环境权救济法律制度包括 环境民事救济法和环境行政救济法两大部分。而前者又可分为环境侵害的民事排除和环境侵权损害的民事赔偿法；后者又可分为环境侵害的行政排除法、环境侵权损害的行政补偿法、环境民事纠纷行政处理法、环境行政权损害的国家赔偿法等。     

基于环境恢复的环境污染损害责任与建立

环境本身损害的责任缺失是我国环境污染管理中亟待解决的突出问题。文章从社会经济系统与其支撑环境间作用关系过程链的三个响应环节出发,分析了建立环境本身损害责任机制的作用、意义及环境本身损害赔偿的内涵与构成。提出了围绕突发性污染排放问题,以恢复环境为目标,衔接我国环境应急管理系统实施环境本身损害责任的构架。结合突发性污染排放建立环境损害的恢复责任,对推进环境污染损害管理和深化污染事故应急处置具有重要支持作用。     

Accidents, claiming, and regional subcultures: are medical errors and malpractice lawsuits related to social capital?

METHOD: This study examined states' performance on Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs), statistics on malpractice lawsuits, and analogous data on automobile accidents to identify state-level patterns in safety and claiming. RESULTS: Hospital safety varied in a pattern similar to highway safety on the state level, suggesting that cultural traits may play a greater role than differences in legal or other environmental factors. States performing well or poorly in hospital and driver safety tended to correspond with states grouped together in regional culture typologies developed by Elazar and Lieske. Traits of regional culture also are associated with variations in tort claiming. CONCLUSIONS: The paper offers a theory of social capital as an important factor affecting safety and tort claiming. Where the regional culture is one of high cohesion and trust, people may exercise a higher degree of caution and vigilance in their interaction with others, and feel less inclination to file lawsuits subsequent to accidents.     

Results from a national survey of Crown prosecutors and defense counsel on impaired driving in Canada: A “System Improvements” perspective

Introduction

This article summarizes the main findings from a study designed to examine the legal process in Canada as it applies to alcohol-impaired driving from the point of view of Crown prosecutors and defense counsel, and to identify evidentiary or procedural factors that may impact the legal process, the rights of the accused, and interactions of all parts in the legal process.

Method

The data in this study were collected by means of a survey that was mailed out to the population of Crown prosecutors and defense counsel in Canada. In total, 765 prosecutors and 270 defense lawyers or an estimated 33% of all Canadian prosecutors and 15% of defense lawyers completed and returned the questionnaire. The "systems improvement" paradigm was used to interpret the findings and draw conclusions. Such an approach acknowledges the importance of the context in which countermeasures are implemented and delivered and the structures or entities used to deliver countermeasures to a designated target group.

Results

Results on type of charges and breath alcohol concentration, caseload, case outcomes, case preparation time, conviction rate at trial and overall conviction rate, reasons for acquittals and time to resolve cases are described.

Discussion

The findings from this national survey suggest that there are important challenges within the criminal justice system that impede the effective and efficient processing of impaired driving cases. Some of these challenges occur as a function of practices and policies, while others occur as a function of legislation.

Impact on industry

This study illustrates that a "system improvements" approach that acknowledges the importance of all elements of the criminal justice system and the interaction between those elements, can be beneficial in overcoming the alcohol-impaired driving problem.     

论我国《海域使用管理法》的修订

《海域使用管理法》对中国海洋法制建设具有重要意义。该法施行以来,我国海域使用管理配套法规体系日趋完善,海洋功能区划、海域有偿使用等制度日臻成熟。《海域使用管理法》实施已逾15年,我国经济社会生活发生了巨大变化,中国特色社会主义法律体系不断完善,该法暴露出来的问题日益增多,亟待修订:首先,立法理念应由"重发展,轻保护"向"海域资源和海洋环境保护优先"变革。其次,应完善海域使用权制度,突出海域使用权的物权性,强化该法的私权色彩,将海域使用权的成立时间修改为"完成登记之日"。在围填海管理方面,应理顺围填海建设项目的审批程序,提高行政效率;建立填海造地指标管理制度。最后,在法律责任方面,应明确"恢复原状"的适用条件;修改罚款的计算方法,对于具有持续性的严重海域违法行为可以引入"按日处罚"制度;增加刑事责任条款;赋予海洋行政执法机构必要的行政强制手段。