应用地质累积指数评价连云港市河流表层沉积物重金属污染

应用地质累积指数法对流经连云港市内的四条河流（蔷薇河、排淡河、盐河、烧香河）表层沉积物重金属污染进行分析评价,结果表明,河流表层沉积物重金属中Pb、Hg、Cd、As按地质累积指数分级均为0,属于无污染范畴,Cr、Zn、Cu地质累积指数分级在0～2之间,属于无污染到中度污染范畴,河流主要污染物是Cr。     

新疆塔木—卡兰古铅锌矿床成矿流体地球化学特征

新疆塔木—卡兰古铅锌矿产于塔里木板块西南缘晚古生代碳酸盐岩沉积台地中 ,矿体受碳酸盐岩中的角砾岩带控制。对塔木、卡兰古、乌苏里克、卡拉牙斯卡克等矿区的流体包裹体化学成分的研究表明 ,成矿流体具有低温、中高盐度、高密度富含有机物质及硫化氢气体的特征。流体气相成分中H2 O和CO2 占主要成分 ,盐水中阳离子以Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 为主 ,含Na+ 、K+ 、Li+ ,阴离子含Cl-、HCO3-、SO4 2 -、F-等。流体的δD值于- 114‰～ - 70‰间 ,δ18O值在 - 1.7‰～ - 15 .2‰间 ,流体来源于有大气降水参与的盆地热卤水。矿床成因属密西西比河谷 (MVT)型。     

四川汉源万顺铅锌矿区蜈蚣草共附生细菌群落结构对重金属的响应特征

为了充分挖掘重金属污染地区植物共附生细菌资源,提高重金属污染土壤生态修复的效率,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,DGGE)技术,对四川省汉源县万顺铅锌矿区蜈蚣草根状茎中共附生细菌多样性和群落结构进行了研究,并分析了共附生细菌群落结构与蜈蚣草根状茎中有效重金属间的关系.结果表明,不同采样点间的蜈蚣草共附生细菌多样性存在明显差异,多样性指数和丰富度指数均表现为尾矿矿口弃渣区选矿区农田.基于DGGE回收条带序列的系统发育显示,蜈蚣草共附生细菌包括芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、伯克氏菌属(Burkholderia)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacteria)和弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter)等细菌类群.相关性分析表明,共附生细菌多样性指数和丰富度指数均与有效Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和As含量呈显著正相关(p0.05).冗余分析(Redundancy Analysis,RDA)显示,有效As是影响蜈蚣草共附生细菌群落结构的关键因子,对砷含量较高的采样点,砷对蜈蚣草共附生细菌群落有促进作用,在砷含量相对较低的采样点,共附生细菌群落与砷呈负相关.研究表明,蜈蚣草存在丰富的共附生细菌种群,这些种群受蜈蚣草中有效重金属含量的影响明显,在修复重金属特别是砷污染土壤方面表现出潜在应用价值.     

丹寨汞金矿床卤素元素与古油藏关系探讨

丹寨汞金矿床是与古油藏共生的金属矿床 ,产在古油藏的边缘 ,矿区内发育大量的油气演化产物沥青、含烃有机包裹体等有机质 ,可见该矿床与古油藏有密切的地质关系。对矿区内卤素元素地球化学特征的研究结果表明 ,矿区内溴、碘的富集程度远比氟、氯高 ,这与古油藏油田卤水的形成演化有关。而且 ,油田卤水是该矿床成矿热液的主要来源。     

江西金山金矿床成矿地球化学特征

金山金矿床的微量元素、同位素和流体包裹体地球化学特征表明 :(1)成矿过程明显复杂于成岩过程 ,成矿作用中与Au关系最为密切的微量元素是Ag、As、Sb ,矿石中若干微量元素丰度低于区域含矿建造丰度 ,与产于动力变质环境下的韧性剪切带系列金矿床相似 ;(2 )成矿物质主要来自浅变质的中元古界双桥山群含金建造 ,燕山期岩浆热液活动为该矿床的后期加富提供了部分成矿物质 ,金山金矿床的层控特征与江南金成矿带中其它金矿极为相似 ;(3)成矿流体主要为变质 变形过程中产生的变质热流体、再循环大气水和地球深部的高温、高压流体。     

黔东同古金矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

同古金矿已有较长的民采历史。本研究在前人工作的基础上．结合开采揭车出的地质现象，从地层、构造、石英脉地质特征、矿石组分、金的富集和产出特征、成矿温度，矿床成因等方面对该金矿的地质特征进行了较全面的研究，特别是对以往工作没有揭露但对矿床有着重要控制作用的、新发现的剪切破碎带Fx进行了详细的研究，并指出了进一步找矿的方向。本研究成果对该地区寻找同类型金矿和新的富矿体将起重要作用。     

粘性泥石流阵性运动对沟床冲淤演变的影响--以云南东川蒋家沟为例

粘性泥石流沟床的冲淤具有其特殊的机理,年内及一场泥石流的沟床冲淤主要受泥石流体性质、流型、规模的控制,阵性运动中沟床演变主要反映在残留层厚度的变化。对云南东川蒋家沟进行野外现场泥石流及沟床冲淤的定位观测,应用观测资料对阵性粘性泥石流泥深、流速、拖曳力与沟床冲淤值的关系进行分析,认为在泥深<2.0m,流速<8m/s,流量<1500m3/s情况下,阵性泥石流运动前后沟床冲淤值与三者没有明显线性关系,沟床冲淤幅度较小,一般在-0.8~1.0m之间。通过分析,求得粘性泥石流沟床冲刷深度极限值的表达式。     

金顶铅锌矿区铅锌氧化矿石中镉的风化淋滤实验

云南金顶铅锌矿是中国较为典型的高镉铅锌矿区之一。通过模拟常温条件下天然雨水的自然淋滤过程,对矿区两个典型的富镉氧化矿石样品进行了长时淋滤实验研究。初步结果表明:随着淋滤时间的延长,滤液中pH值(pH=7.2～8.5)和SO42-浓度无显著变化。滤液中Cl-离子浓度随时间呈显著增大趋势。溶解态镉和其它主要元素铅、锌、铜和锰质量浓度变化随时间呈降低趋势。铅锌氧化矿石易淋出而释放出镉等有害元素,滤出元素可以迅速发生沉淀或被沉淀物包裹,其能力表现为Zn>Pb>Cd。两个不同矿石镉的淋失量有所差别,矿石中菱锌矿质量分数是影响镉淋失的主要因素。矿区富镉岩石和矿物的自然风化对矿区流域水生态环境造成潜在危害。     

Droplet size spectra and deposits of Bacillus thuringiensis aerial sprays,following application at two volume rates over an oak forest

Abstract

Dipel® 8AF, a commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) was sprayed undiluted at 30 BIU in 1.8L/ha over a block B1, and sprayed after dilution with water at 30 BIU in 6.2 L/ha over another block B2 in an oak forest infested with the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) in southeastern Ontario, Canada. Spray was applied in May 1987 using a Cessna 188 Agtruck aircraft equipped with four Hicronair^® AU4000 atomizers. Droplet sizes were measured at mid‐canopy level of oak trees and at ground level using cylindrical Kromekote® cards. Deposit per unit area was assessed on aluminum oak leaves.

At the lower volume rate of 1.8 L/ha, spray droplets were smaller and droplets/cm² were lower on the cylindrical Kromekote cards in B1 than those obtained in B2 which received the higher volume rate of 6.2 L/ha. The average deposit per unit area of the aluminum oak leaves, expressed in nL of the spray volume per cm² surface area, was also correspondingly lower in B1 than in B2. This was attributed to the higher volume rate of spray application used in B2 than in B1, which resulted in larger droplets and a greater volume deposit/cm² in B2.     

Effect of additives in the Neem formulations on deposition,volatilization and persistence of Azadirachtin in spruce foliage

Abstract

Foliar deposits, volatilization and persistence of azadirachtin‐A (AZ‐A) were investigated after application of four spray mixes prepared from a wettable powder (WP) and three emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations of neem. They were applied at the dosage rate of 50 g AI in 4 L/ha onto potted spruce seedlings in a laboratory spray chamber. Droplet‐size spectra and deposits were assessed using Kromekote^® card/glass plate collection units. Foliar residues [dislodgeable residues (DR), penetrated residues (PR) and total residues (TR)] of AZ‐A and their volatilization were measured by HPLC at different intervals of time up to 60 h after treatment. Differences in the droplet‐size spectra and deposit levels were observed among the four spray mixes due to the influence of additives present in them. Dissipation half‐lives (DT₅₀) of the DR, PR and TR in the foliage were low (range, 19.5 to 38.9 h) and varied according to the residue type and the spray mix used. The DT₅₀ values of the DR were consistently lower (range, 19.5 to 31.9 h) than those of the PR (range, 30.5 to 38.9 h) due to preferential loss of the surface residues. The low DT₅₀ values observed for the DR and TR in the foliage sprayed with the WP spray mix were attributed to the particulate nature of the deposit. AZ‐A volatilized appreciably from the DR rather than from the PR. The variations found in the amounts of AZ‐A volatilized (42 to 58%) and unaccountable (38 to 46%) from the initial TR values in spruce foliage, after 60 h, were attributed to the physical form of the deposits on the target surface and the influences of additives present in the different spray mixes.