On the Population Structure of the Kamchatka Sable

The degree of morphological differentiation of sable (Martes zibellina L.) populations was studied in different physiographic regions of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Penzhina River basin. According to craniometric data, the sables inhabiting the hilly Western Kamchatka Plain are larger than the animals from other regions. However, the analysis of phenetic variation in craniological characters and coat color showed that the sable samples taken within the peninsula were fairly homogeneous. On this basis, all sables inhabiting the Kamchatka Peninsula may be regarded as a single population.     

山东半岛南部近海表层沉积物中脂类生物标志物的组成及形态分析

分析了山东半岛南部近海表层沉积物中游离态和碱不稳定结合态脂类物质的组成,结果显示:脂肪酸呈现以16∶0为主峰的单峰形分布趋势,具明显偶碳优势,海源为其主要来源,脂肪酸主要以结合态形式存在,不同类别的脂肪酸形态分布略有差异,脂肪酸的结构和来源是影响脂肪酸形态分布的重要因素;同样以海源为主的甾醇则主要以游离态形式存在,但陆源甾醇的结合态比重相对较高;烷烃呈现以C29烷烃为主峰的单峰形分布趋势,陆源输入是其主要来源;烷烃主要以游离态形式存在,且UCM(不可分辨成分)峰仅出现在游离态烷烃的气相色谱图中。     

Climate changes and overstory recruitment of larch at the northern timberline in the Yamal Peninsula

Studies on overstory recruitment of the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) in open larch forests depending on the time of seedling establishment (1880–1980) have been performed in the northern timberline ecotone on the Yamal Peninsula. Two periods of active larch establishment have been revealed: from 1900 to 1935 and from 1950 to 1970. A comparison of these data with the results of instrumental observations on temperature and precipitation has shown that the overstory recruitment of larch in valleys of northern rivers is largely dependent on July air temperatures in the first years of tree life, when seedlings grow 10–20 cm high.     

菲尔德斯半岛南部新生界火山岩系古地磁及地质意义

菲尔德斯半岛南部火山岩系由下而上,玛瑙滩段和化石山段MI=-76.9°,MD=59.7°,属新生界下第三系始新统中下部极性(?)合带中的正向亚带;按磁偶极子模式,平均古地磁极(S)的位置是64.3°S,116.4°W;采点古纬度南纬约65°。长山段I=77.6°,D=211.6°,为上述极性混合带中的反向亚带;虚地磁极(N)位置是75.9°S.118.7°W;采点古纬度南纬约66°。位于化石山段之上,长山段之下的岩块山段,数据具有随机性,这与其形成的地质背景有关。结果表明:1、化石山段与岩块山段之间,是早、晚两个喷发旋回的界线所在。2、菲尔德斯半岛自早第三纪始新世以来,总趋势是向赤道方向移动了大约3°     

雷州半岛桉树人工林地力退化的现状和特征

通过对雷州半岛桉树人工林大面积土壤调查,揭示了桉树人工林地力退化的现状和特征。其主要特征为土壤剖面形态、土壤化学性、土壤物理性和土壤化物性退化。其中最主要的是土壤养分贫瘠化和土壤水分状况恶化。     

雷州桉树人工林小集水区地形分析与静态水文学模拟

利用小集水区生态水文学模型-Topog模型对雷州半岛桉树人工林纪家示范小集水区进行了地形分析和静态水文学模拟。地形分析表明，该集水区地表较为平坦，集水区总面积为0．63km^2，夏季、冬季与春（秋）分平均太阳辐射值分别为44MJ.m^-2．d^-1、25MJ.m^-2．d^-1和34MJ.m^-2．d^-1。在考虑太阳辐射影响与不考虑太阳辐影响两种情况下进行了集水区土壤含水量指数（WI）静态模拟。设定不同的静态壤中流参数值，Topog模型模拟结果表明，静态壤中流越大，在集水区内高WI的分布范围越大，也即土壤含水量越高。在考虑太阳辐射影响的条件下，分别设置不同的土壤导水率（T）、地表阴蔽系数（Es）、平均降雨最（R）进行了模拟。模拟结果表明，WI分布依各参数的不同而变化。T越大，在集水区内的WI重新分布越快；T越小，在集水区内WI趋向于平均分布。Es越大，集水区土壤所保持的含水量越高。集水区WI随R增大而有升高趋势。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛空气微生物含量初报

南极菲尔德斯半岛外空气微生物的采样站分作３种类型，类型Ｉ．科考站及附近区域，类型Ⅱ．大型动物出没区，类型Ⅲ大型动物少，且保持荒凉状态区，结果显示，Ｉ类型区室外空气微生物含量明显高于Ⅲ类型区，平均Ｉ区有４９９４ｃｆｕ．ｍ＾－３，Ⅲ区仅１６ｃｕｆ．ｍ＾－３，结果提示，菲尔德斯半岛空气微生物已受到人类活动的干扰。     

Managing brown bears and wilderness recreation on the Kenai Peninsula,Alaska, USA

The Russian River-Cooper Lake-Resurrection River trail system, on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, traverses essential brown bear habitat. To set management guidelines for this area, the trail system was monitored using questionnaire cards and electronic trail counters from 1984 through 1987. This helped to determine the extent and type of human use and human-bear encounters in the area. Management recommendations were intended to reduce the potential displacement of brown bears by hikers and to inform wilderness users of the proper camping techniques to avoid attracting bears to the campsite. An average of 5800 visitors hiked or camped along the trail system each year. Encounters between hikers and brown bears averaged 7/yr while encounters with black bears averaged 35/yr. Minor problems occurred with both the electronic trail counters and the questionnaire. Modilications to these methods are discussed. A Limits of Acceptable Change format should be considered for the trail system to determine the character and future direction of recreational activities and monitoring of the trail system should continue in the future.     

全球气候变化对南极淡水藻类的影响

1982～2008年对中国南极长城站和中山站地区主要湖泊、溪流、雪地等淡水藻类进行了调查研究.结果表明,淡水藻类优势种类为:双尖菱板藻(Hantzschiaa mphioxys),端泥生藻(Luticola mutica),拟钝泥生藻(Lutiola muticopsis),细小隐球藻(Aphanocapsa elachista),极小色球藻(Chroococcus minimus),寒冷席藻(Phormidium frigidum),赖氏鞘氏藻(Lyngbya lagerheimii),拉氏黏球藻(Gloecapsa ralfsiana),易脆席藻(Phormidium fragile),雪衣藻(Chlamydomo nasnivalis),南极侧果藻(Pleurococcus antarcticus),南极螺翼藻(Scotiella antarctica)和细长聚球藻(Synechococcus elongates).回归分析显示了微、小型藻类细胞丰度与水温呈显著的正相关,而与磷酸盐和硝酸盐呈显著负相关.南极气候尤其是水温的变化,引起湖泊藻类丰度与种群结构发生改变.