精对苯二甲酸残渣的处理现状及综合利用

综述了国内外精对苯二甲酸（PTA）生产企业的残渣处理概况和残渣中有价物质的回收方法：提出了PTA残渣的控制和综合利用思路，分析了PTA残渣综合利用的经济效益。     

A new design of groundwater sampling device and its application

Compounds in the atmosphere contaminate samples of groundwater. An inexpensive and simple method for collecting groundwater samples is developed to prevent contamination when the background concentration of contaminants is high. This new design of groundwater sampling device involves a glass sampling bottle with a Teflon-lined valve at each end. A cleaned and dried sampling bottle was connected to a low flow-rate peristaltic pump with Teflon tubing and was filled with water. No headspace volume was remained in the sampling bottle. The sample bottle was then packed in a PVC bag to prevent the target component from infiltrating into the water sample through the valves. In this study, groundwater was sampled at six wells using both the conventional method and the improved method. The analysis of trichlorofluoromethane（ CFC-11 ） concentrations at these six wells indicates that all the groundwater samples obtained by the conventional sampling method were contaminated by CFC-11 from the atmosphere. The improved sampling method greatly eliminated the problems of contamination, preservation and quantitative analysis of natural water.     

国外包装废物的处理技术动向

在欧、美、日等西方国家，废包装材料已成为主要的固体废物之一，其环境污染问题日益受到关注。本文较全面地介绍废包装材料的填埋、焚烧、循环回用、再资源化利用和减少使用包装材料等五种重要技术动击与途径。还重点介绍了美国的ＰＥＴ瓶的资源再利用，以及德国建立严格的包装废物法规和完善的处理系统的概况。     

First and early second-trimester diagnosis of fetal urinary tract anomalies using transvaginal sonography

Urinary tract anomalies are common. Prenatal diagnosis is important and enables either special obstetric management or termination of pregnancy and probably in the future, intrauterine intervention. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) allows visualization of the normal and anomalous fetal urinary tract at an early stage. One thousand nine hundred and forty women were examined via TVS at an early stage of pregnancy between 10 and 16 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP) and 35 anomalies (1·8 per cent) were clearly identified: 29 cases of low urinary tract obstruction, 2 cases of multicystic dysplastic kidney, 2 cases of polycystic kidney (infantile type), 1 case of double collecting system, and 1 case of horseshoe kidney. Potter syndrome could be ruled out in three patients who had delivered fetuses suffering from this anomaly in previous pregnancies. The concise and early identification of anomalies makes TVS an important aid in the hands of the obstetrician, ultrasonographer, and neonatologist.     

用MnSO4-Ce(SO4)2协同催化快速测定COD的研究

本文探讨了以MnSO4-Ce(SO4)2复合催化剂代替标准重铬酸钾法中的Ag2SO4，用密封消解法测定废水COD值的可行性，研究了复合催化剂总量、配比、消解时间、溶液酸度等因素对COD测定的影响。通过对各种废水COD值的测定表明，用MnSO4-Ce(SO4)2做催化剂，在165℃，较低酸度，密封消解15min是可行的。     

铜山口铜(钼)矿床成矿流体水-岩反应数值模拟

铜山口铜(钼)矿床位于湖北省大冶市境内,是一典型的矽卡岩-斑岩复合型矿床。通过对其流体包裹体的系统研究,确定了成矿阶段成矿流体的成分及温压条件,并结合矿床学研究,将成矿过程分解为两个平行的成矿阶段,即矽卡岩型矿化阶段和斑岩型矿化阶段。根据Johson和Reed等人建立的水 岩反应模型,对本矿床成矿流体与围岩反应并析出金属沉淀的过程进行了数值模拟计算,其结果与实际地质情况吻合较好。     

牙鲆、孔石莼分泌物对混合重金属在牙鲆组织蓄积的影响

研究了海水中总有机碳(TOC)浓度、总有机碳种类对混合重金属(Cu Pb、Cu Cd、Cu Pb Cd)在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织蓄积的影响.结果表明,孔石莼分泌物、牙鲆分泌物均能降低Cu、Pb、Cd的生物有效性;当海水TOC种类相同时,随TOC浓度的升高,牙鲆的内脏、肌肉、鳃组织中Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积量均明显下降;当海水TOC浓度相近时,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低牙鲆各组织Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积量.TOC浓度、种类的变化对牙鲆各组织中Cu、Pb、Cd蓄积分配均无影响,各组织重金属蓄积量顺序均为:内脏＞鳃＞肌肉.     

粒子图像测速技术在往复隔板絮凝池中的应用

由于往复隔板絮凝池廊道狭窄、絮凝池拐弯水流结构复杂,致使整个流场的量测十分困难。采用了粒子图像测速技术,对其流场进行了量测与相关分析,提高了分析结果的准确性和可靠性。     

国内环境民间组织合法性初探

环境保护领域的"政府失灵"和"市场失灵"要求社会调整机制的引入.社会调整机制以市民社会理论和实践为基础,市民社会主要由保护公民权利和公民政治参与的民间组织构成.环境民间组织作为一类组织生存下去的首要问题是其合法性.本文从政治和法律两个方面,论述了国内环境民间组织的合法性及其不足,并对克服其合法性危机进行了有益思考,以期国内环境民间组织健康发展,弥补市场调整机制与政府调整机制在环境保护方面的不足.     

几种重金属对皱纹盘鲍血细活性氧产生的影响

体外条件下利用化学发光法定量地研究了不同种类和不同浓度的重金属:Cr、Cd、Hg、Pb、C和Zn对皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬时活性氧产生的影响。结果表明,不同种类和不同浓度的重金属浸泡急性处理皱纹盘鲍血细胞都不同程度地抑制了血细胞吞噬时的化学发光,表明重金属能够抑制皱纹盘鲍血细胞吞噬活动中的活性氧(ROS)的产生,而且这种抑制作用随着重金属浓度的增加而加强。不同的重金属抑制强度不同,从强到弱以次为Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr>Zn。研究表明六种重金属中,Hg对皱纹盘鲍血细胞的免疫毒性最大。