都江堰地区人居气候环境舒适调查

对都江堰地区影响人居环境舒适的主要构成要素温度、湿度、风速及着装、运动水平等进行综合分析，相对温度81％，风速0.8—1.7m／s，温度月均值4.6—24．5℃的组合，每年大部分时间都处于人体舒适状态。对于月际和昼夜温差的变化，可根据活动情况，通过增减着装来调节和适应。     

上覆岩层性质对采空区地表变形影响研究

采空区引发地表变形问题是环境岩土工程领域的重要研究课题。本文以有限元分析软件ANSYS为基础,通过数值模拟方法研究了采空区上方不同性质岩层以及不同上覆岩层组合形式对采空区地表沉降变形的影响。揭示了上覆岩层性质对采空区地表变形的影响规律。     

Vulnerability to typhoon hazards in the coastal informal settlements of Metro Manila,the Philippines

In many low‐ and middle‐income countries informal communities—also termed slum and squatter areas—have become a dominant and distinct form of urban settlement, with ever increasing populations. Such communities are often located in areas of high hazard exposure and frequently affected by disasters. While often recognised as one of the highest ‘at risk’ populations, this paper will argue that informal settlers have been directly and indirectly excluded from many formal mechanisms, thereby increasing their vulnerability to disaster events. Household surveys were conducted across several frequently flooded informal coastal communities in Metro Manila, the Philippines, following a major typhoon and storm surge disaster. The study revealed a large level of diversity in socio‐economic vulnerability, although all households faced similar levels of physical exposure and physical vulnerability. Disaster risk reduction policies and responses need to better integrate informal settlement areas and recognise the diversity within these communities.     

穿越位置对地铁结构和行车安全的影响分析

下穿施工引起既有地铁结构发生沉降变形及内力变化,同时导致地铁变形缝处产生沉降差（错台）及张开,从而影响地铁结构安全及行车安全。针对不同穿越位置,采用打靶法对微分方程进行数值求解,从地铁结构变形程度、内力变化规律、变形缝沉降差（错台）及张开量的变化趋势这四个方面进行了计算、分析。结果显示:中心位置穿越时,地铁结构的最大沉降值低于其它穿越位置,同时变形缝沉降差较小,基本未张开。从结构安全和行车安全两个方面综合判断,中心穿越是最优的穿越位置。     

梁锚结构加固浅埋隧道洞口软弱地层的承载特性研究

针对隧道洞口埋深浅且软弱围岩稳定性差这一问题,提出在地表增设混凝土框架梁,设置扩大头锚杆与框架梁连接并深入软弱围岩,运用数值模拟分析“混凝土框架梁-扩大头锚杆”结构加固软弱地层后的力学特性。研究结果表明：采用“混凝土框架梁-扩大头锚杆”加固隧道洞口软弱地层,k=0.4时,相比于没有加固对照模型,隧道最大拱顶沉降值下降68.7%,隧道最大边墙收敛值下降15.1%,初期支护最大等效应力减小12.7%;建立不同加固区围岩松动压力分散系数k下的数值模型,通过拱顶沉降结果与加固区围岩松动压力分散系数的线性拟合,提出采用加固结构后的隧道拱顶沉降规律与围岩松动压力计算方法。     

城市污泥堆肥过程中堆体表面沉降及减容率的研究

通过测定堆肥过程中堆体表面沉降量的动态变化,结合堆肥温度、含水量和挥发性固体（VS）含量的变化,对堆体表面沉降和减容率及其影响因素进行研究。研究结果表明,城市污泥：树皮（1：1）处理的升温速率、最高温度和高温维持时间、含水量和VS含量去除率等均高于城市污泥：秸秆（1：1）处理,其灭菌、生物干燥和有机质降解效果较好。堆体表面沉降可分为物理压实沉降和有机质降解沉降,城市污泥：树皮（1：1）的物理压缩沉降量低于城市污泥：秸秆（1：1）,主要是因为秸秆作为调理剂的支撑作用比树皮差;前者的有机质降解沉降量大于后者,这与堆肥温度、含水量和VS含量的去除率等因素有关。     

Emergy Evaluation of a Village Ecosystem in Wolong Nature Reserve in China

Due to historic reasons, there are several human settlements in nature reserves and national parks, which may constitute a threat to biodiversity. Establishment of nature reserves may however generate constraints for development of local communities residing in these reserves. The village ecosystem of Zhuanjinglou Village in Wolong Nature Reserve includes population, farming and livestock （domestic and alpine） and forest ecosystem. An emergy analysis of agro-ecosystem （including the farming and livestock ecosystem） and energy consumption in Zhuanjinglou Village indicates that livestock ecosystem plays an important role in village ecosystem, which may be the source of great pressure on the state of the local environment. The increasing ratio of electricity in energy consumption may play a positive role for environmental conservation. Despite some successful experiences, there are some remaining issues that need to be addressed in the ecological rehabilitation of the village ecosystem.     

大型基础设施对地缘区人居环境的影响研究

基础设施的价值本源是对人的需求满足,通过与人居环境系统相互作用,表现为对良好人居环境的追求.以可持续的人居环境为目标,以系统思想分析大型基础设施和人居环境系统的作用机理,构建相互作用模型.即基础设施作为人居环境的承载体,通过能源动力、水资源、交通运输、邮电通讯、生态环境和防灾等子系统聚集,实现功能耦合,对自然、人类、社会、居住和支撑等子系统构成的人居环境系统产生相关作用.同时,人居环境系统的适应性促使其与基础设施影响反馈以构成闭环.以上海某典型交通枢纽地区的交通基础设施为例,设计了4个层次29个指标的大型交通基础设施对地缘区人居环境影响度指标体系,基于GA-BP混合算法的影响度模型进行测度.结果表明,大型基础设施与地缘区人居环境呈显著正向相关;社区配套设施完备程度是大型基础设施影响人居环境的主要传导途径;环境污染等指标反映出大型基础设施对人居环境的负面影响,是规划和建设的重点控制路径.     

适应转化:新生代流动人口定居意愿的实证研究及其政策意涵

本文基于南开大学"2013年流动人口管理和服务对策研究问卷调查"的数据,对新生代流动人口定居意愿及其影响因素展开分析,并与老生代流动人口的情况进行比较。发现经济因素对老生代流动人口定居意愿具有显著影响。然而,与之不同的是,职业类型、家庭人均月收入、住房公积金等代表经济因素的指标对新生代流动人口定居意愿的影响不显著。而且,信用卡消费、人均居住面积、居住质量、对城市生活水平的满意度、流入地亲人数、朋友中的本地人数量、日常生活中与本地人的交往频繁程度等代表社会适应因素的指标对新生代流动人口定居意愿具有显著影响;但是,这些社会适应因素对老生代流动人口定居意愿的影响则较为有限。由此可见,流动人口定居意愿影响因素存在显著的代际差异。相对于老生代流动人口而言,新生代流动人口定居意愿的影响因素由经济吸引向社会适应转化。具体而言,新生代流动人口定居意愿的社会适应因素体现在消费方式、居住环境、情感纽带、社会融入、城市评价等五个方面。因此,可以通过增进新生代流动人口的社会适应从而提高其定居意愿。     

Coupling a settlement growth model with an agro-economic land allocation model for securing ecosystem services provision

Mountain landscapes are undergoing rapid land-use changes. Settlement expansion, the intensification of agricultural land-use practices, and farmland abandonment result in a decline of natural and semi-natural habitats and the related ecosystem services (ES). In this context, spatial planning has emerged as a key instrument for the management of ES provision. To better understand trade-offs and interactions between settlement growth and ES provision in a spatially explicit manner, we present a new modeling framework coupling an agent-based, agro-economic optimization model and a cellular-automata-based settlement growth model. The framework is applied in an inner alpine valley in the Valais, Switzerland, which experienced rapid settlement growth in recent years. Results demonstrate how the model framework allows support of local planning processes. Particularly cooperation among municipalities and an explicit consideration of ES can inform spatially explicit ES trade-off decisions under increasing demand for land. We conclude that better informed spatial planning processes support ES provision.