Atmospheric particulate matter and air quality in the Mediterranean: a review

This article synthesises the results obtained in several projects on atmospheric aerosol (particulate matter – PM) pollution developed during the last years in the Western Mediterranean. It focuses on particulate matter sources and the strategies for suitable monitoring in ambient air. The article has been structured in several sections that give response to the main questions that prompted these studies. After analysing the main PM features in the Mediterranean, a brief review of the main factors differentiating the particulate matter composition with respect to Central Europe is presented. Finally, the suitability of the different metrics or parameters for monitoring ambient air PM levels in different types of environments is discussed. Selected article from the 6th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro organized by Prof. Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic (www.research.plymouth.ac.uk/ace).     

大气污染预测预报研究

以排放到大气环境中的烟尘为例，进行大气污染预测预报，并利用保证率的概念表示预测的结果，为大气污染的预测预报工作提供了一种基本方法。     

岷江水系河水与沉积物中稀土,稀有元素背景值及其特征初探

报告了岷江水系河水及沉积物中８种稀土元素（Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｔｂ，Ｙｂ，Ｌｕ）及８种稀有元素（Ｒｂ，Ｃｓ，Ｓｒ，Ｂａ，Ｓｂ，Ｔｈ，Ｓｃ，Ｕ）的背景值及其特征，并对元素的排列顺序及元素间的相关关系进行了初步探索，还列出了１６种元素在原水同积物中的相关矩阵及相互间的相关回归方程。     

大气环境中OH自由基测定

采用自旋捕集技术和电子自旋共振法结合测定大气环境中ＯＨ自由基，首先用自旋捕集剂将ＯＨ自由基捕集，生成比较稳定的自然旋加合物，，然后带回实验室处理测定，该法为开展大气光化学研究提供了一种采样方便，利于实测的方法，据３个采样点的实测结果表明，相对误差约为３５％，比文献所示结果略大。     

氨气敏电极法测定大气中氨

以Ｈ２ＳＯ４（０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和ＮＨ３（１．００ｍｇ／Ｌ）的混合溶液作吸收液，采用气敏电极测定大气中氨，发挥了离子选择电极所具有的快速、灵敏及测定范围宽等优点，保证了大气中低浓度氨测定的准确性和可靠性。实验表明，该方法检测限为０．０１４～０．０１８ｍｇ／ｍ＾２，精密度约为１４．３％（相对标准偏差），回收率在９７％～１０２％之间，经６个月实验室验证的结果，无论是精密度的变异系数或回收率的置信系数     

“九五”至2010年上海大气环境监测系统规划设计

根据未来１５年上海的城市总体规划，结合环境保护的目标和主要任务，设计了包括监测项目、监测手段和监测网点在内的大气环境监测系统，以适应经济发展和环境管理的需要。     

大气环境中二硫化碳分析方法的选择研究

应用气相色谱Ｎｉ＾６３电子捕获检测器，在用６２０１红色担体为基体，涂１０％ＯＶ－１０１固定液的玻璃柱上，以甲苯作吸收液，对空气中ＣＳ２进行定量检测，其最低检出浓度可达０．００５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３，方法精密度好，ＳＯ２和Ｈ２Ｓ等不干扰测定，经现场实际测试，能适用于大气环境中微量ＣＳ２的分析。     

A practical dialogue protocol for sustainability science to contribute to regional resources management: its implementation in Réunion

Over the last decade, adaptive co‐management has been recommended as a policy framework to address complex and uncertain resources management issues. Implementing this theoretical management concept requires the integration of multidisciplinary research and local knowledge. Yet practical protocols to link science, policymaking and societies have yet to be developed. We designed a protocol to produce legitimate, credible and relevant solutions to a regional resources management issue. This is a two‐component protocol. A stakeholder grid categorizes stakeholder representatives in three distinct specialized dialogue arenas: institution representatives, technical experts and local end‐users. An iterative co‐design process then builds on these arenas to assess the institutional legitimacy, technical credibility and empirical relevance dimensions of a common solution initiated by an initial plausible promise. We tested this framework in Réunion to address organic waste management issues at the regional level. The plausible solution explored was the introduction of a recycling industry involved in collecting organic waste and producing and selling organic fertilizers tailored for local crop systems. The protocol application outcomes were consolidated and documented scenarios accepted by all, with knowledge exchange and the broad spread of a stabilized expectation contributing to private initiatives and public policy change.     

Kinetic and mechanism studies of the ozonolysis of three unsaturated ketones

Reaction rate constants and products of 1-octen-3-one, 3-octen-2-one and 4-hexen-3-one with ozone were studied in a 100-L fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film bag using absolute rate method at 298 ± 1 K and atmospheric pressure. The rate constants were (1.09 ± 0.12) × 10^?17, (3.48 ± 0.36) × 10^?17 and (5.70 ± 0.60) × 10^?17 cm³/(molecule?sec), respectively. According to the obtained rate constants, the effects of carbonyl were discussed. The carbonyl group in β position has a net withdrawing effect with respect to an olefinic bond, then causing the decline of rate constants. The quantum chemical calculation was used to explain the results of rate constants. The products of ozonolysis were mainly aldehydes, which have significant influence on the formation of SOA, and hence play an important role in the atmosphere. In this work, we detected the main products of reaction and proposed the reaction mechanism by combining the results of quantum chemical calculations. Atmospheric lifetime for three unsaturated ketones reacted with ozone was 36.4, 11.4 and 6.9 hr for 1-octen-3-one, 3-octen-2-one and 4-hexen-3-one, respectively.     

Watershed characteristics and climate factors effect on the temporal variability of mercury in the southern Baltic Sea rivers

Mercury(Hg) is a neurotoxic metal which can enter into the human organism mainly by fish consumption, skin and transpiration. In the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea, rivers are the main source of Hg. The Polish region represents the largest proportion of the Baltic Sea catchment and this research included four rivers of the Baltic watershed: the Reda,Zagórska Struga, Kacza and Gizdepka. The samples were collected in the years 2011–2013.Total and particulate Hg concentration in these rivers were measured. Due to intensive rain,deposited mercury on the catchment area was washed out into the riverines water and introduced into the Baltic Sea. Consequently, the load of Hg increased three times.Additionally, the intensive dry atmospheric deposition during heating season caused the increase of the concentration of particulate Hg in the river water even by 85%. The research confirmed the role of the river flow magnitude in the load of mercury introduced into the sea by rivers. Moreover, a high variability of mercury concentration was connected to the additional sources such as the chemicals containing Hg and no municipal sewage system.The analysis of stable isotopes indicated that the SPM contained terrestrial organic matter;however, there was no clear correlation between Hgtot, Corgand Ntotconcentrations and δ~(13)C, δ~(15)N, C/N in particulate matter.