廊坊市大气环境质量与环境容量研究

根据廊坊市2003～2008年空气监测数据,采用灰色模型GM(1,1)对该市大气环境质量主导因子PM10、SO2和NO2进行模拟预测,采用宏观总量控制A值法对理想大气容量进行计算分析,最终建议在工业污染源、生活污染源、交通污染源和建筑扬尘污染源4个方面采取必要措施保护廊坊市的大气环境。     

辽宁省大气湿沉降化学特征分析

通过分析降水酸度、化学特征和湿沉降量等酸沉降控制指标,得出2009年辽宁省大气湿沉降化学特征。研究发现,辽宁省总体上酸雨污染并不严重,但区域性污染突出;降水化学污染严重,呈地域分布不平衡特征,重污染城市位于辽宁省西部和中部;湿沉降量的空间分布与降水化学污染不同,沉降量大的城市位于东部和南部沿海,所有离子湿沉降量最大值均出现在夏季。     

地质灾害优势面分析理论与方法

优势面理论是地质灾害研究的一个新的模式。它认为地质灾害受控于三个系统,优势断裂对地质灾害的地带性分布规律起着控制作用。本文论述了地质灾害优势面分析的主要观点:(1)优势面分析基本思路;(2)评价地质灾害的专家判断、机制分析与定量模型相结合的方法论;(3)优势面减灾防灾主要原理。     

执行《环境空气质量标准》应注意的问题

随着《环境空气质量标准》GB30 95- 1 996(简称新标准 )取代 GB30 95- 82 (简称旧标准 ) ,大气环境质量现状监测和影响评价工作需要作出相应的修正以适应新标准的要求 ,从实际工作出发 ,总结出了执行新标准应注意的一些问题及其解决方法。     

Space view of the decadal variation for typical air pollutants in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China

The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most industrialized, urbanized and populated regions in China, and thus has been long suffering from severe air pollutions. Space data provide a unique perspective for investigating the atmospheric environment at a regional scale. By utilizing multiple satellite retrievals from 2005 to 2013, this study presented, for the first time, the spatial patterns and temporal trends of typical air pollutants over PRD and its vicinity. As viewed from space, aerosol optical depth (AOD), NO₂ and SO₂ all had their higher values at the central part of PRD, and showed clear descending gradients as moving to the outskirt of this region. As to the inter-annual variation, all these pollutants had decreasing trends in PRD during the study period, which generally agreed with the relevant in situ measurements. However, the satellite retrievals differed from ground measurements when addressing NO₂ and SO₂ in the vicinity of PRD. This work also provides the inter-comparison among PRD and three other metropolitan clusters in China: PRD had relatively high AOD, moderate NO₂ and low SO₂ levels, and it was the only region achieving the effective reduction of NO₂ and SO₂ during last decade. Unlike the previous three pollutants, HCHO observed by satellite showed very special patterns: it had a relatively homogeneous spatial distribution over both of PRD and its vicinity, and presented an opposite increasing trend from 2005 to 2010. Moreover, PRD had the highest HCHO level among all the metropolitan clusters, hinting a considerable contribution of biogenic origins of HCHO in PRD.

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Book reviews

AUTOMATIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS by M. Valcárcel and M. D. Luque de Castro, Volume 9 in series Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam (1988), 560 pages, US$ 131.50

SELF‐DIFFUSION IN ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF DATA COMPILED FROM THE LITERATURE by R. Mills and V. M. M. Lobo, Volume 36 published in the series Physical Sciences Data, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1988), 354 pages, US$ 134.25     

湖南文化产业区域差异测度分析及对策研究

在选取了极值比率、加权变异系数、基尼系数、锡尔系数及偏态系数这5个相对差异指标的基地之上,通过对2006年-2011年这6年间湖南14个市州人均文化产业增加值进行计算,发现全省文化产业区域差异呈现出周期性波动,湘西和湘东地区的文化产业差异逐渐拉大,长此以往,将会影响到全省文化产业的整体增速,因此,提出采用均衡发展战略,未来湖南省文化产业的侧重点应该放在缩小湘东、湘中、湘西三个区域的差异上.图20,表9,参5.     

Magneto-biomonitoring of intra-urban spatial variations of particulate matter using tree leaves

Preliminary mineral magnetic results from a pilot project investigating the suitability of roadside tree leaves as depositories of vehicular pollution are presented. Tree leaf surfaces (Lime: Tilia europaea; Sycamore: Acer pseudoplatanus) at four roadside and one woodland location in Wolverhampton, UK, have been monitored (July 2003 to November 2003). Mineral magnetic technologies have revealed spatial variations of particulate pollution concentration throughout the conurbation and data analysis indicates that magnetic concentration parameters are suitable proxies for fine particulate pollution, which are particularly hazardous to health. Site-specific traffic management and associated vehicle behaviour appear to be chiefly responsible for the magnetic concentration differences between sites. Magneto-biomonitoring in this way allows the high-resolution spatial mapping of particulate matter (PM) pollution, which may also benefit epidemiology in better assessing exposure to vehicular-derived particulates. Given the speed, measurement sensitivity and non-destructive nature of the technique, it is proposed that this low-cost approach offers some advantages over centralised monitoring stations to monitor urban roadside particulate pollution.     

Modelling the outcrossing between genetically modified and conventional maize with equation discovery

Many studies explore the feasibility of co-existence between genetically modified (GM) and conventional (non-GM) crops. An important research topic in these studies is the process of outcrossing, i.e., the process of gene flow via pollen flow from GM to non-GM crops. In this paper, we address a new modelling approach to define the environmentally driven processes of outcrossing for maize from existing empirical datasets. In particular, we use equation discovery methodology that combines background knowledge and empirical data from several studies. We induce models that predict the degree of outcrossing rate between the donor (GM) and the recipient (non-GM) maize field from the distance between the fields and the local wind characteristics (speed, direction and duration). This results in highly accurate models, for which both variables (distance and wind) are essential and of roughly equal importance.     

“大气十条”实施后大气污染协同治理政策的量化研究

针对大气污染问题,2013年国务院颁布了《大气污染防治行动计划》,从更高层次上实施国家及区域层面的大气污染协同治理战略。区域联合防控及协同治理是当前情况下治理好大气污染的必然选择,但是尚未形成完整的体系。收集整理了100篇大气污染协同治理相关政策文件,构建了政策工具量化的二维分析框架,探讨了当前对大气污染协同治理的政策工具使用情况,并针对性地提出了强化命令型政策工具、弥补能力型建设工具、完善奖惩福利机制、完善监督监测预警系统等一系列政策建议。