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321.
米菲司酮废水处理的试验探索   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对米菲司酮生产中产生的高浓度有机废水(CODcr8.8×10^4mg/L),采用常压蒸馏-活性炭吸附方法进行试验性处理,CODcr的去除率可达95%以上,CN-去除率达99.9%,并可回收乙醇等低沸点有机溶剂。  相似文献   
322.
区域农业生态环境质量综合评价方法与模型研究   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
为了客观准确的评价区域农业生态环境质量,引入灰色系统理论中的关联度分析法,提出了区域生态环境质量的多级模糊综合评价——灰色关联优势分析复合模型,并以安徽省芜湖市区域农业生态环境质量的综合评价为例,根据芜湖市区域农业生态环境调查与监测资料,进行了实例研究。结果表明:安徽省芜湖市区域农业生态环境已经受到了明显的污染,并且各区域污染水平具有一定的差异;芜湖市区域农业生态环境质量优劣的关联序依次为:南陵县、芜湖县、繁昌县和城市郊区。   相似文献   
323.
报告了岷江水系河水及沉积物中8种稀土元素(La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Tb,Yb,Lu)及8种稀有元素(Rb,Cs,Sr,Ba,Sb,Th,Sc,U)的背景值及其特征,并对元素的排列顺序及元素间的相关关系进行了初步探索,还列出了16种元素在原水同积物中的相关矩阵及相互间的相关回归方程。  相似文献   
324.
南京市城区空气环境质量评估   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
孙雁  徐梦洁  夏敏 《环境科技》2004,17(3):22-24
依据灰色系统理论,采用灰色变权聚类方法,根据国家环境质量标准,对南京市城区近两年的空气质量进行评估。空气质量评估采用的指标包含二氧化硫、二氧化氮以及可吸入颗粒物的浓度,并对评估结果进行了分析和讨论。结果表明,南京市城区空气环境质量呈退化的趋势,尤其是经济繁华的鼓楼区以及交通拥挤的下关区,两年内空气质量明显下降。  相似文献   
325.
    
In-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties were conducted at Mt. Huang from September 23 to October 28, 2012. Low averages of 82.2, 10.9, and 14.1 Mm~(-1) for scattering coefficient(σ_(sp, neph, 550)), hemispheric backscattering coefficient(σ_(hbsp, neph, 550)), and absorption coefficient(σ_(ap, 550)), respectively, were obtained. Atmospheric aging process resulted in the increase of σap, 550 but the decrease of the single scattering albedo(ω_(550)) at constant aerosol concentration. However, the proportion of non-light-absorbing components(non-BCs) was getting higher during the aging process, resulting in the increase of aerosol diameter, which also contributed to relatively higher σ_(sp, neph, 550) and ω_(550). Diurnal cycles of σ_(sp, neph, 550) and σ_(ap, 550) with high values in the morning and low values in the afternoon were observed closely related to the development of the planetary boundary layer and the mountain-valley breeze. BC mixing state, represented by the volume fraction of externally mixed BC to total BC(r), was retrieved by using the modified Mie model.The results showed r reduced from about 70% to 50% when the externally mixed non-BCs were considered. The periodical change and different diurnal patterns of r were due to the atmospheric aging and different air sources under different synoptic systems. Local biomass burning emissions were also one of the influencing factors on r. Aerosol radiative forcing for different mixing state were evaluated by a \"two-layer-single-wavelength\" model,showing the cooling effect of aerosols weakened with BC mixing state changing from external to core-shell mixture.  相似文献   
326.
    
Atmospheric aerosol particle samples were collected using an Ambient Eight Stage(Non-Viable) Cascade Impactor Sampler in a typical urban area of Beijing from 27 th Sep.to 5th Oct.,2009.The surface chemistry of these aerosol particles was analyzed using Static Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry(Static TOF-SIMS).The factors influencing surface compositions were evaluated in conjunction with the air pollution levels,meteorological factors,and air mass transport for the sampling period.The results show that a variety of organic ion groups and inorganic ions/ion groups were accumulated on the surfaces of aerosol particles in urban areas of Beijing;and hydrophobic organic compounds with short-or middle-chain alkyl as well as hydrophilic secondary inorganic compounds were observed.All these compounds have the potential to affect the atmospheric behavior of urban aerosol particles.PM1.1–2.1and PM3.3–4.7had similar elements on their surfaces,but some molecules and ionic groups demonstrated differences in Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry spectra.This suggests that the quantities of elements varied between PM1.1–2.1and PM3.3–4.7.In particular,more intense research efforts into fluoride pollution are required,because the fluorides on aerosol surfaces have the potential to harm human health.The levels of air pollution had the most significant influence on the surface compositions of aerosol particles in our study.Hence,heavier air pollution was associated with more complex surface compositions on aerosol particles.In addition,wind,rainfall,and air masses from the south also greatly influenced the surface compositions of these urban aerosol particles.  相似文献   
327.
我国城市生态承载力研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从生态承载力角度研究区域资源-生态-环境问题,是当今生态学、地理学和经济学等学科研究的热点与前沿领域之一。依据现有研究成果,阐述了承载力的概念和什么是城市生态承载力,并对生态承载力的研究方法、研究趋势及其研究存在的问题和方法途径及提高城市生态承载力的对策建议进行了简述。  相似文献   
328.
大气污染预测预报研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以排放到大气环境中的烟尘为例,进行大气污染预测预报,并利用保证率的概念表示预测的结果,为大气污染的预测预报工作提供了一种基本方法。  相似文献   
329.
过氧自由基是大气中重要的氧化剂 ,其浓度的测定对于深入理解大气化学过程具有重要意义。本文总结了二十多年的研究成果 ,论述了大气过氧自由基测量的研究进展 ,介绍了带基体分离的电子自旋共振技术、远红外及毫米波发射光谱技术、激光诱导荧光技术以及化学放大法等常用测量方法及测量结果 ,并展望其未来的发展。  相似文献   
330.
    
We present in-situ measurements of atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride(SF6) conducted by an automated gas chromatograph–electron capture detector system and a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system at a regional background site, Shangdianzi,in China, from June 2009 to May 2011, using the System for Observation of Greenhouse gases in Europe and Asia and Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment(AGAGE)techniques. The mean background and polluted mixing ratios for SF6 during the study period were 7.22 × 10-12(mol/mol, hereinafter) and 8.66 × 10-12, respectively. The averaged SF6 background mixing ratios at Shangdianzi were consistent with those obtained at other AGAGE stations located at similar latitudes(Trinidad Head and Mace Head), but larger than AGAGE stations in the Southern Hemisphere(Cape Grim and Cape Matatula). SF6 background mixing ratios increased rapidly during our study period, with a positive growth rate at 0.30 × 10-12year-1. The peak to peak amplitude of the seasonal cycle for SF6 background conditions was 0.07 × 10-12, while the seasonal fluctuation of polluted conditions was 2.16 × 10-12. During the study period, peak values of SF6 mixing ratios occurred in autumn when local surface horizontal winds originated from W/WSW/SW/SWS/S sectors, while lower levels of SF6 mixing ratios appeared as winds originated from N/NNE/NE/ENE/E sectors.  相似文献   
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