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691.
The diurnal atmospheric phosphine (PH3) concentrations and fluxes at the water-air interface in Lake Taihu were reported. The results showed that the PH3 flux at the water-air interface ranged from −69.9 ± 29.7 to 121 ± 42 ng m−2 h−1, with a mean flux of 14.4 ± 22.5 ng m−2 h−1. The fluxes were both negative and positive during the diurnal period, indicating that the lake can act as a sink and a source of PH3. In addition, the PH3 fluxes were positively correlated with water temperature, total soluble phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus, while they were negatively correlated with water redox potential. A similar diurnal variation curve of atmospheric PH3 concentrations was observed during all four seasons, with the maximum level occurring in early morning and the minimum appearing around midday. These findings suggest that light plays an important role in the elimination of atmospheric PH3. A significant positive correlation was also found between air temperature and atmospheric PH3 concentration. The mean flux of PH3 in Lake Taihu was higher than in other reported wetlands, with an estimated annual emission of PH3 to the atmosphere of 2.94 × 105 g y−1. 相似文献
692.
Likun Xue Tao Wang Isobel. J. Simpson Aijun Ding Jian Gao Donald R. Blake Xuezhong Wang Wenxing Wang Hengchi Lei Dezhen Jin 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2011,45(36):6501-6509
Vertical distributions of air pollutants are crucial for understanding the key processes of atmospheric transport and for evaluating chemical transport models. In this paper, we present measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and halocarbons obtained from an intensive aircraft study over northeast (NE) China in summer 2007. Most compounds exhibited a typical negative profile of decreasing mixing ratios with increasing altitude, although the gradients differed with different species. Three regional plumes with enhanced VOC mixing ratios were discerned and characterized. An aged plume transported from the northern part of the densely populated North China Plain (NCP; i.e. Beijing–Tianjin area) showed relatively higher levels of HCFC-22, 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) and toluene. In comparison, the plume originating from Korea had higher abundances of CFC-12, tetrachloroethene (C2Cl4) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl), while regional air masses from NE China contained more abundant light alkanes. By comparing these results with the earlier PEM-West B (1994) and TRACE-P (2001) aircraft measurements, continuing declining trends were derived for methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3), tetrachloromethane (CCl4) and C2Cl4 over the greater China–northwestern Pacific region, indicating the accomplishment of China in reducing these compounds under the Montreal protocol. However, the study also provided evidence for the continuing emissions of several halocarbons in China in 2007, such as CFCs (mainly from materials in stock) and HCFCs. 相似文献
693.
G. Andreou S. D. Alexiou G. Loupa S. Rapsomanikis 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2008,8(1):99-106
The organic chemical composition of the fine fraction of atmospheric particulate matter in Athens has been studied, in order
to establish emission sources. The results of the analyses of the aliphatic fraction indicate that all samples contain n-alkanes ranging from C14 to C32, with C25, C26, C27 and C29 being the more abundant congeners. Fossil fuels biomarkers such as extended tricyclic terpanes (hopanes, steranes) and isoprenoid
hydrocarbons (pristane, phytane) were observed in our samples on a daily basis. Source reconciliation was conducted using
molecular diagnostic ratios (such as the carbon preference index – CPI). The mean CPI value (1.84) indicates the mixed origin
of the Athenian fine particles. The notable presence of an unresolved complex mixture or “hump” of hydrocarbons in our gas
chromatograms is indicative of petrogenic hydrocarbon inputs. An approximate measure of this kind of contamination is the
ratio of the concentrations of unresolved components to the resolved n-alkanes and other major compounds (U:R). The high U:R value of 25.25 further confirmed the major contribution of fossil fuels.
Yet, the percent contribution of leaf wax n-alkanes (25.15%) indicated the parallel contribution of biogenic sources. This work supports the conclusion that vehicular
emissions were the major source of aliphatic organic compounds with a smaller contribution of biogenic n-alkanes during the study period in Athens. 相似文献
694.
冯养云 《环境监测管理与技术》2003,15(4):23-25
为了解山西省大气降水水质状况、主要污染物及区域分布规律,山西省水文部门于1984年开始对大气降水进行监测。在全省9个地市布设测点,分别为:太原市、大同市、长治市、榆次市、临汾市以及吕梁、忻州、阳泉、运城地区。监测项目为H^2 、电导率、Ca^2 、Mg^2 、K^2 、Na^2 、NH4^2 、SO4^2-、NO3^-、Cl^-、CO3^-、HCO3^-、F^-。结果表明,除吕梁、忻州地区外。山西省各地市均有酸雨发生,但酸雨发生的频率不高,全省年平均为3.3%;酸雨的酸性程度也不高,对生态可造成明显影响的降水次数不多;山西省酸雨为典型的硫酸型,酸雨中硫酸与硝酸的质量浓度比值远高于全国平均值。 相似文献
695.
696.
We review known and hypothesized effects of nitrogen (N) deposition owing to human activities on the chemistry, organisms,
and ecosystem processes of remote oligotrophic freshwaters. Acidification is the best-known effect of N deposition on water
chemistry, but additional effects include increased nutrient availability and alteration of the balance between N and other
nutrients. Our synthesis of the literature, framed in a comprehensive model for the effects of N deposition on natural ecosystems,
shows that all these effects can reduce biological diversity and alter ecosystem processes in remote freshwaters. N deposition
is projected to grow worldwide in the near future and will interact with other global changes. Present effects on these fragile
ecosystems may be only early signs of more radical impacts ahead. 相似文献
697.
Radon-222 and carbon dioxide concentrations have been measured during several years at several points in the atmosphere of an underground limestone quarry located at a depth of 18 m in Vincennes, near Paris, France. Both concentrations showed a seasonal cycle. Radon concentration varied from 1200 to 2000 Bq m−3 in summer to about 800-1400 Bq m−3 in winter, indicating winter ventilation rates varying from 0.6 to 2.5 × 10−6 s−1. Carbon dioxide concentration varied from 0.9 to 1.0% in summer, to about 0.1-0.3% in winter. Radon concentration can be corrected for natural ventilation using temperature measurements. The obtained model also accounts for the measured seasonal variation of carbon dioxide. After correction, radon concentrations still exhibit significant temporal variation, mostly associated with the variation of atmospheric pressure, with coupling coefficients varying from −7 to −26 Bq m−3 hPa−1. This variation can be accounted for using a barometric pumping model, coupled with natural ventilation in winter, and including internal mixing as well. After correction, radon concentrations exhibit residual temporal variation, poorly correlated between different points, with standard deviations varying from 3 to 6%. This study shows that temporal variation of radon concentrations in underground cavities can be understood to a satisfactory level of detail using non-linear and time-dependent modelling. It is important to understand the temporal variation of radon concentrations and the limitations in their modelling to monitor the properties of natural or artificial underground settings, and to be able to assess the existence of new processes, for example associated with the preparatory phases of volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. 相似文献
698.
Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil from the central Loess Plateau, China: role of regional range atmospheric transport 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Very few studies were conducted in highland and depositional areas in studying the transport and behavior of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). In this study, surface soils were collected from Huan County to investigate the level, profile, and potential influence of PBDEs via regional range atmospheric transport in the central part of the Loess Plateau (CLP) of China, one of the most extensive areas of loess deposition in the world. PBDEs were ubiquitous and log-normally distributed in soils from the CLP with mean concentrations of 0.91 and 0.54 ng g−1 for ΣPBDEs (sum of PBDE congeners except for BDE-209) and BDE-209, respectively. BDE-209 was predominated congener (43.5%), followed by BDE-47 (15.7%), 99 (10.7%), and 153 (7.5%). Further principal component analysis on congener profiles showed that PBDEs in the CLP originated from similar source(s). Additionally, significant differences in the ratios of BDE-47 to 99 and BDE-153 to 154 were found between soil samples and commercial products, indicating that they have undergone fractionation during the process of regional range atmospheric transport. The deposition of PBDEs in the CLP could be influenced by the sources from surrounding regions. For example, Xi’an may have potential influence to the CLP based on geographical analysis and concentrations comparison of PBDEs in gaseous. Therefore, more studies are needed to clarify the atmospheric transport and fate of PBDEs in this region. 相似文献
699.
本文探索了一种适用于DB 50/577-2015附录C、DB 50/660-2016附录B、DB 50/757-2017附录B、DB 50/758-2017附录C等检测技术导则的气质联用检测方法,能够满足简单、快速、灵敏度高、检出限低等要求。 相似文献
700.
京杭大运河是属于全人类的重要遗产,如何更好地保护与利用京杭大运河是沿线城市共同面临的问题。本文通过对嘉兴段大运河的历史演变,对杭嘉湖平原人水关系、人地关系地深入研究,归纳出嘉兴段大运河的三大特点,并探讨了对嘉兴段大运河保护利用的思路。 相似文献