Management strategy for acidic deposition in Western and Northern Canada

The governments of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, and Canada held joint consultations in 1980 to review the available information on acid rain from Western and Northern Canada. It was concluded that acid rain might become a problem in the future and, hence, a research, monitoring, and management strategy for acidic deposition was needed. An overview of the joint governments' management strategy, organization of research and monitoring programs, and accomplishments to date are discussed in this article.The authors are members of the Technical Committee for the Long Range Transport of Atmospheric Pollutants (LRTAP)/Acid Deposition in Western and Northern Canada, and represent Alberta and British Columbia, respectively.     

唐山市大气自动监测子站整体代表性分析

利用１９８５年至１９８７年三年大气监测数据，对唐山市大气自动监测子站整体代表性作了系统分析，结果表明，子站布局合理，各子站监测的ＳＯ２、ＴＳＰ年均值，季均值相对误差，百分位数相对误差符合《国家环境监测网络大气监测点位验收标准》规定的指标，具有整体代表性。     

四级站环境监测工作量化管理

根据四级环境监测站的特点，提出了一种新的环境监测定量化管理工作，即单元工作只计分法，通过对单元工作累积计法的论述和实例应用介绍，阐述了单元工作累积计分法用于四级站量化管理的先进性，实用性和科学性。     

乌鲁木齐市大气TSP中苯并（a）芘及碳质成分的测定与变化规律的研究

报导了乌鲁木齐市两年内大气TSP中苯并(a)芘及碳质成分含量的分析结果、污染程度及变化规律,为乌鲁木齐城市环境综合整治定量考核,加强环境管理,进一步防治大气污染提供了科学依据.     

环境空气中大气颗粒物源解析的研究进展

介绍了国内外用于大气颗粒物源解析研究的受体模型的进展情况，对受体模型的研究体系，测量分析技术、研究方法作了详细阐述，并对源解析近期的研究热点及发展趋势作了评述。     

Watershed Management and Organizational Dynamics: Nationwide Findings and Regional Variation

Recent attention has focused on resource management initiatives at the watershed scale with emphasis on collaborative, locally driven, and decentralized institutional arrangements. Existing literature on limited selections of well-established watershed-based organizations has provided valuable insights. The current research extends this focus by including a broad survey of watershed organizations from across the United States as a means to estimate a national portrait. Organizational characteristics include year of formation, membership size and composition, budget, guiding principles, and mechanisms of decision-making. These characteristics and the issue concerns of organizations are expected to vary with respect to location. Because this research focuses on organizations that are place based and stakeholder driven, the forces driving them are expected to differ across regions of the country. On this basis of location, we suggest basic elements for a regional assessment of watershed organizations to channel future research and to better approximate the organizational dynamics, issue concerns, and information needs unique to organizations across the country. At the broadest level, the identification of regional patterns or organizational similarities may facilitate the linkage among organizations to coordinate their actions at the much broader river basin or ecosystem scale.     

大气环境质量分析与评价研究的新进展

简要地介绍了人工神经网络（ANN）、物元可拓集（MEES）、集对分析（SPA）、遗传算法（GA）和投影寻踪技术（PP）等的基本思想和特点，评述了近年来国内外将这些新理论和新技术应用于大气环境质量分析与评价取得的最新成果，指出了大气环境质量分析与评价研究的可能发展前景。     

Large-Scale Effects of Timber Harvesting on Stream Systems in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, USA

Using Basin Area Stream Survey (BASS) data from the United States Forest Service, we evaluated how timber harvesting influenced patterns of variation in physical stream features and regional fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages. Data were collected for three years (1990–1992) from six hydrologically variable streams in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, USA that were paired by management regime within three drainage basins. Specifically, we used multivariate techniques to partition variability in assemblage structure (taxonomic and trophic) that could be explained by timber harvesting, drainage basin differences, year-to-year variability, and their shared variance components. Most of the variation in fish assemblages was explained by drainage basin differences, and both basin and year-of-sampling influenced macroinvertebrate assemblages. All three factors modeled, including interactions between drainage basins and timber harvesting, influenced variability in physical stream features. Interactions between timber harvesting and drainage basins indicated that differences in physical stream features were important in determining the effects of logging within a basin. The lack of a logging effect on the biota contradicts predictions for these small, hydrologically variable streams. We believe this pattern is related to the large scale of this study and the high levels of natural variability in the streams. Alternatively, there may be time-specific effects we were unable to detect with our sampling design and analyses.     

基于指数标度法的大气污染物标准浓度限值

从韦伯—费希纳定律S＝KlogR出发,指出在大气污染物背景浓度限值C_ioo至明显危害浓度限值C_I∞范围内,当污染物浓度成等比变化时,人对污染物浓度刺激量的主观差别感觉成等差变化。应用＂等差分级、等比赋值＂的指数标度法计算出６种大气污染物的三级标准浓度限值与我国制定的《大气环境质量标准》,GB3095－82规定的污染物日平均浓度限值基本接近,为我国《大气环境质量标准》提供了合理依据。     

无消防水池的变电站火灾工况数值模拟研究

当前,建于市区的变电站为了节约用地,其消防系统通常不建设消防水池,消防用水直接从市政管网取水,该消防模式下的取水安全及管网响应情况值得关注.论文以某城市中心城区为例,采用EPANET 2.0构建了供水管网模型,针对供水高峰、流量转输和事故爆管3种不利供水条件,开展了无消防水池变电站的消防系统5种不同火灾工况的水力计算与...