上海地区大气二氧化硫污染的控制对策

上海地区的能源结构以燃煤为主。针对上海的实际和未来的发展态势，为实现２０００年全市二氧化硫排放总量不超过１９９５年水平的目标，就如何削减二氧化硫排放量提出了５个方面的对策建议，阐述了削减二氧化硫的基本技术政策要点和总体方案思路。     

工业区环境保护规划及综合评价指标体系研究

在阐述了工业区环境保护规划技术要点编制的原则及主要内容的基础上，对其核心部分即工业区环境综合评价指标体系的建立及作用进行了探讨。指标体系可分三级：一级为综合指标，满分为１００分；二级指标为环境质量指标、环境整洁指标、环境经济指示等３项，权重依次为４５％、２５％和３０％；三级指标共１４项。指标体系是以基层工业区（３级工业区）结构特征来建立的，其上、下限的确定以上海环境、经济指标为前提，不同地区在采用     

大气环境质量目标值的保证率分析

对城市大气污染物的日平均浓度及年日平均浓度的关系进行了分析,并指出在不同的城市及区域由于气象条件和地表因子存在差异,在确定“质量目标”时日平均浓度达标“保证率”是一个重要的因素。十年来监测资料分析表明,常州市区若以TSP年日平均值0.072mg/m~3,SO_2年日平均值0.06mg/m~3作为“质量目标”,相应的TSP、SO_2日平均浓度达标(国家二级标准)保证率将分别为90％、98％。     

Comparison of dynamic subgrid-scale models for simulations of neutrally buoyant shear-driven atmospheric boundary layer flows

Several non-dynamic, scale-invariant, and scale-dependent dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) models are utilized in large-eddy simulations of shear-driven neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flows. The popular Smagorinsky closure and an alternative closure based on Kolmogorov’s scaling hypothesis are used as SGS base models. Our results show that, in the context of neutral ABL regime, the dynamic modeling approach is extremely useful, and reproduces several establised results (e.g., the surface layer similarity theory) with fidelity. The scale-dependence framework, in general, improves the near-surface statistics from the Smagorinsky model-based simulations. We also note that the local averaging-based dynamic SGS models perform significantly better than their planar averaging-based counterparts. Lastly, we find more or less consistent superiority of the Smagorinsky-based SGS models (over the corresponding Kolmogorov’s scaling hypothesis-based SGS models) for predicting the inertial range scaling of spectra.     

Multiscale Plume Transport from the Collapse of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001

The collapse of the world trade center (WTC) produced enhanced levels of airborne contaminants in New York City and nearby areas on September 11, 2001 through December, 2001. This catastrophic event revealed the vulnerability of the urban environment, and the inability of many existing air monitoring systems to operate efficiently in a crisis. The contaminants released circulated within the street canyons, but were also lifted above the urban canopy and transported over large distances, reflecting the fact that pollutant transport affects multiple scales, from single buildings through city blocks to mesoscales. In this study, ground-and space-based observations were combined with numerical weather forecast fields to initialize fine-scale numerical simulations. The effort is aimed at reconstructing pollutant dispersion from the WTC in New York City to surrounding areas, to provide means for eventually evaluating its effect on population and environment. Atmospheric dynamics were calculated with the multi-grid Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), covering scales from 250 m to 300 km and contaminant transport was studied using the Hybrid Particle and Concentration Transport (HYPACT) model that accepts RAMS meteorological output. The RAMS/HYPACT results were tested against PM2.5 observations from the roofs of public schools in New York City (NYC), Landsat images, and Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) retrievals. Calculations accurately reproduced locations and timing of PM2.5 peak aerosol concentrations, as well as plume directionality. By comparing calculated and observed concentrations, the effective magnitude of the aerosol source was estimated. The simulated pollutant distributions are being used to characterize levels of human exposure and associated environmental health impacts.     

臭氧层减少对沿海地区大气温度与环境的影响

利用青岛市连９年的主空探测资料，分析也大气温度的变化与高空臭氧层有关，高层气温与地面气温呈负相关变化。高空臭氧减少，使沿海地区温度梯度加大，在不我向时可能造成大气污染加重，暖气团辐合上升，易将大气污染物挟带支支中，当酸性物大于碱性物时形成酸雨，产生一系大气环境问题。     

中国区域环境影响评价的发展

我国区域环境影响评价的发展，根据其理论方法研究和环境评价管理的进程，可分为提出、探索和开展３个阶段，并具有理论方法研究和环境评价管理建设密切配合，着重于规划控制技术和顺应发展中国家经济发展对环境管理的需要等发展特点。     

兰州市大气环境污染现状及治理对策研究

以 1997～ 2 0 0 0年兰州市大气污染的主要监测指标和污染源调查为依据 ,对兰州市大气环境质量现状进行了系统分析 ,分析了兰州市大气污染现状和趋势以及导致大气污染严重的原因。根据研究结果 ,提出了改善大气污染的防治对策。     

沈阳市汽车排气检测情况及有关问题探讨

本文对沈阳市４条检车线汽车排气的检测情况做了简单介绍，并把测试数据进行了概括分析，根据实践经验提出限制汽车污染物排放的几项建议．     

大气中颗粒物组分的ICP—AES法测定

研究了适用于大气颗粒物组分测定的采样膜、采样时间及采样量。应用ICP—AES技术,测得了6500个大气颗粒物数据。并与中子活化法进行了方法对照。