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921.
922.
An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
It is important to understand the status and extent of soil contamination with trace elements to make sustainable management strategies for agricultural soils. The inputs of trace elements to agricultural soils via atmospheric deposition, livestock manures, fertilizers and agrochemicals, sewage irrigation and sewage sludge in China were analyzed and an annual inventory of trace element inputs was developed. The results showed that atmospheric deposition was responsible for 43–85% of the total As, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb inputs, while livestock manures accounted for approximately 55%, 69% and 51% of the total Cd, Cu and Zn inputs, respectively. Among the elements concerned, Cd was a top priority in agricultural soils in China, with an average input rate of 0.004 mg/kg/yr in the plough layer (0–20 cm). Due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the sources, the inventory as well as the environmental risks of trace elements in soils varies on a regional scale. For example, sewage sludge and fertilizers (mainly organic and phosphate-based inorganic fertilizers) can also be the predominant sources of trace elements where these materials were excessively applied. This work provides baseline information to develop policies to control and reduce toxic element inputs to and accumulation in agricultural soils. 相似文献
923.
924.
上海大气质量与材料腐蚀速度的相关关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究材料腐蚀速度与大气质量的相关关系,进行了材料暴露试验。结果表明:⑴碳钢、铜、铜合金和大理石等材料,其完全暴露的腐蚀速度约为遮蔽暴露腐蚀速度的1倍;⑵铜、铜合金的腐蚀速度与SO2浓度非常相关,与TSP浓度显著相关,碳钢的腐蚀速度与SO2和TSP浓度也有一定的相关性;⑶铜、铜合金的腐蚀速度与SO4^2-湿沉降强度明显相关,而与NO^-3湿沉降强度无明显相关;⑷碳钢的腐蚀速度约为青天铜的50倍,纯铜的15倍。 相似文献
925.
大气汞在土壤中转化及其与土壤汞富集的相关性 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
通过现场调查与模拟试验相结合的方法,研究了大气汞对土壤汞富集的影响及其进入土壤后的形态转化。 相似文献
926.
环境影响评价类型的发展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
通过对区域环境影响评价(RDEIA)及累积影响评价(CIA)、战略影响评价(SEA)的产生原因、概念、研究方法,研究状况等方面的介绍及与项目EIA的比较,说明RDEIA、CIA、SEA的兴起是实行可持续发展战略的要求. 相似文献
927.
928.
Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) contamination of vegetables in urban India: a case study in Varanasi 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Sharma RK Agrawal M Marshall FM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(2):254-263
The contributions of heavy metals in selected vegetables through atmospheric deposition were quantified in an urban area of India. Deposition rate of Zn was recorded maximum followed by Cu, Cd and Pb. The concentrations of Zn and Cu were highest in Brassica oleracea, Cd in Abelmoschus esculentus and B. oleracea, while Pb was highest in Beta vulgaris. Heavy metal pollution index showed that B. oleracea was maximally contaminated with heavy metals followed by A. esculentus and then B. vulgaris. The results of washing showed that atmospheric deposition has contributed to the increased levels of heavy metals in vegetables. Both Cu and Cd posed health risk to local population via test vegetables consumption, whereas Pb posed the same only through B. oleracea. The study concludes that atmospheric depositions can elevate the levels of heavy metals in vegetables during marketing having potential health hazards to consumers. 相似文献
929.
Active moss biomonitoring of trace elements with Sphagnum girgensohnii moss bags in relation to atmospheric bulk deposition in Belgrade, Serbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anicić M Tasić M Frontasyeva MV Tomasević M Rajsić S Mijić Z Popović A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(2):673-679
Active biomonitoring with wet and dry moss bags was used to examine trace element atmospheric deposition in the urban area of Belgrade. The element accumulation capability of Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow was tested in relation to atmospheric bulk deposition. Moss bags were mounted for five 3-month periods (July 2005-October 2006) at three representative urban sites. For the same period monthly bulk atmospheric deposition samples were collected. The concentrations of Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were determined by instrumental neutron activation analyses and atomic absorption spectrometry. Significant accumulation of most elements occurred in the exposed moss bags compared with the initial moss content. High correlations between the elements in moss and bulk deposits were found for V, Cu, As, and Ni. The enrichment factors of the elements for both types of monitor followed the same pattern at the corresponding sites. 相似文献
930.