Regional economic disparities in Belgium and regional,national and supra‐national policies: an analysis of collective failure

Two kinds of regional disparities can be distinguished in Belgium. First there is the internationally well‐known dispute between Flanders and Wallonia. Secondly, there are large disparities within the regions. Three policy levels deal with these disparities: the (Flemish) regional level, the national government level and the EEC level. The purpose of this paper is to sketch the regional problems in Belgium, to analyse the policies that deal with them, to consider the co‐ordination problems between them and to shed some light on the public choice aspects of government interventions. It is concluded that regional policy in Belgium is a highly politicised affair. Furthermore public attention paid to regional policies has outgrown the importance of our regional disparities. Even other forms of micro‐economic policy are jeopardised by regional disparities and the resulting pressure.     

贡嘎山高山生态系统观测试验站——“中国生态系统研究网络”站之一

贡嘎山高山生态系统观测试验站代表青藏高原东缘面积达60万平方公里的高山深谷山地生态系统类型。贡嘎山东坡从河谷到山顶可明显地分出六个山地自然垂直带,每一个带内又可分出若干亚带。自然生态系统类型多样,保存完好,海拔2000米以上基本处于未开发的原始状态,具有自然生态系统原生性强的显著特点,是开展山地生态系统观测试验的理想场地。     

Potential coastal impacts of contemporary changing climate on South Asian seas states

The threat of man-induced global change on the nations of the South Asian seas region varies from place to place because of differences in exposure to monsoons and stoms, differences in local tectonics and subsidence, and variations in air and sea climates. Because several nations are involved, some having subsistence budgets, and given the cost of deriving independently a comprehensive response to global change, the similarities and differences between national settings must be identified soon. These comparisons will form the basis for local response strategies: the similarities provide a basis for responses similar to that of other nations and the differences provide for local adaptation. That climate change on the South Asian coastal region will have an impact is certain: its economics, environment, and coastal land uses are dominated to a certain extent by this marine influence. The extent of these impacts, however, is uncertain. Accompanying global change will be changes in sea level, differences in storm climate, and altered precipitation patterns; science cannot define today what pattern these changes will take. Because global change is inevitable—although its magnitude, timing, and geographic distribution are unknown—the South Asian seas region should begin the appropriate research and planning studies to set forth a reasoned response to global change, for implementation when scientific evidence for global change is more quantitative.     

Formulation of cleanup standards for trace elements with probability plots

Probability plots of trace element concentrations may be used to partition, or segregate, sample data into its constituent populations. Two populations are typically present in data from sites requiring remedial action, one representing clean, uncontaminated soil or sediment (background) and the other representing contaminated ground. The use of such plots in the analysis and evaluation of environmental data permits a statistical characterization of the background populations, from which defensible cleanup criteria may be developed. These criteria will be environmentally conservative, yet will minimize the amount of soil removed in a remedial action. An example is given from a successful cleanup of a surface impoundment.     

Integrating forage,wildlife, water,and fish projections with timber projections at the regional level: A case study in southern United States

The impact of timber management and land-use change on forage production, turkey and deer abundance, red-cockaded woodpecker colonies, water yield, and trout abundance was projected as part of a policy study focusing on the southern United States. The multiresource modeling framework used in this study linked extant timber management and land-area policy models with newly developed models for forage, wildlife, fish, and water. Resource production was integrated through a commonly defined land base that could be geographically partitioned according to individual resource needs. Resources were responsive to changes in land use, particularly human-related, and timber management, particularly the harvest of older stands, and the conversion to planted pine.     

Determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after molecularly imprinted polymer extraction

A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene fused rings. The performance of the clean-up procedure was evaluated with the specific concern of selective purification towards saturated hydrocarbons, which are the PM components mostly interfering GC analysis of target PAHs. Under optimized operative conditions, the MIP-SPE provided analyte recovery close to 95% for heavier PAHs, from benzo(α)pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene, and close to 90% for four benzene rings PAHs, with good reproducibility (RSDs: 2.5%-5.9%). Otherwise, C₁₇-C₃₂ n-alkanes were nearly completely removed. The proposed method was critically compared with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) using a polyacrylate fiber. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ambient PM_2.5 samples collected at an urban polluted site. Between the two procedures, the MIP-SPE provided the highest recovery (R% ≥ 93%) for PAHs with 5 and more benzene rings, but lower for lighter PAHs. In contrast, SPME showed a mean acceptable R% value (∼ 80%) for all the investigated PAHs, except for the heaviest PAHs in the most polluted samples (R%: 110%-138%), suggesting an incomplete purification from the interfering n-hydrocarbons.     

华南地区春季酸沉降区域源解析

应用IDNN区域源解析模式,处理了1986年2—8月间华南地区观测的酸雨样品,识别了春季广东、广西地区酸雨区域漂,结果得到,80％以上H⁺、50％SO₄^2-和60％NO₃^-来源于南岭以北地区。     

晋冀鲁豫接壤区“经济─环境”系统协调状态研究

本文用协调度中的发展协调度方法对晋冀鲁豫接壤区区域“经济──环境”系统的协调状态及调控进行了研究。在经济快速增长（GNP＞8％）的前提下，用2个权重相等的子系统，即生态环境质量综合评价值Sp和发展经济的投资环境综合评价值Tp所组成的协调度综合评价值Zp的计算值判断了该区域的“经济──环境”系统的协调状态为基本不协调状态，即随着经济的快速增长，生态环境有所恶化。从2个子系统的单项指标分析了生态环境有所恶化的原因并用环境经济学中的环境管理规划的基本原理从可持续发展的角度讨论了环境和经济发展的调控对策。     

建立区域ISO14000环境管理体系的构想

ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理标准体系在区域环境管理方面的应用尚在探索阶段，通过对上海浦东金桥出口加工区建立ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理体系的构想，讨论了区域环境管理体系的内容，特点、运行模式以及绩效分析；提出小政府大市场的体制下，以区内企业的意愿为基础；用物业是环式管理区域环境是切实可行的。     

长春地震台数字地震仪近震速报震级偏差研究

本次研究选用了长春地震台2000年至2004年近震速报资料,重新测算了数字地震仪近震震级,并以《吉林省地震目录》给出的震级为标准震级,进行了震级偏差统计分析。研究结果表明,随着震中距的变化长春地震台震级偏差变化较大,为使校正值精度提高,我们分段给出了长春台数字化地震仪水平向记录近震震级台站校正值。