Ca(Ⅱ)在活性污泥生物絮凝中的作用研究

采用4个平行的序批式反应器(SBR),研究了进水Ca2+浓度对活性污泥絮体表而特性和结构稳定性的影响,并由此来确定Ca2+在生物絮凝中的作用.结果表明:随着进水Ca2+浓度的增加,污泥中的Ca含量逐渐增大.进水中Ca2+的加入,增大了污泥絮体的粒径和密度,进南改善了污泥的沉降性能;Ca2+的加入,使可供结合的蛋白质数量最高增至近1倍,污泥表面疏水性也相应增强;污泥絮凝性能的改善,主要和可供Ca2+结合的蛋白质含量增加有关,而非多糖;EDTA通过络合污泥絮体中的Ca2+,破坏了山Ca2+架桥形成的污泥絮体结构,这说明Ca2+可通过和胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)中的负电官能团架桥来促进污泥絮体的形成并维持絮体结构的稳定性.     

重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制作用微量热研究

用微量热法测定了Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+),Hg~(2+),Pb~(2+)等四种重金属离子对黑根霉菌生长抑制的产热曲线,得到了黑根霉菌在不同条件下的生长速率常数k,抑制率I,半抑制浓度IC_(50)等参数。实验结果表明,抑制顺序为:Cd~(2+)>Hg~(2+)>Pb~(2+)>Cu~(2+);半抑制浓度分别为:Cd~(2+)0.8μg·ml~(-1);Hg~(2+)1.7μg·ml~（-1）;Pb~（2+）48.0μg·ml~(-1);Cu~(2+)110.0μg·ml~(-1)。     

华北地区城市地下水中主要离子含量升高机理分析——以洛阳市为例

本文以洛阳市为例，讨论了华北地区地下水中主要离子的背景浓度及其形成作用。在此基础上，重点阐述了地下水中Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度升高的若干机理，并对污染源各不相同的三个水源地地下水Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度升高机理进行了定量分析，比较了Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度与其它主要离子浓度的相关特征，研究表明：该区两类地下水主要形成了钙长石和镁榄石的风化作用，地下水中ＣＯ２分压升高，可促进Ｃａ，Ｍｇ硅酸盐，     

Physiological mechanisms of degradation of fish populations in acidified water bodies

Disturbances in fish that result from water acidification and related factors are analyzed in the context of generalizations based on the results of experimental and field studies. It is shown that low pH, monomeric aluminum, and other metal ions have an adverse effect on physiological processes in fish and are a major cause of their death in acidified lakes and rivers. The vulnerability of fish to low water pH at different stages of their life cycle and mechanisms of delayed mortality are discussed.     

Effect of dye-metal complexation on photocatalytic decomposition of the dyes on TiO2 under visible irradiation

The photocatalytic degradation of dyes (Acid Chrome Blue K (ACBK) and Alizarin Red (AR)) with strong complexation ability was investigated in the presence of metal ions under visible light irradiation.It was found that, at low dye-metal ratio, the photodegradation of ACBK was markedly inhibited by the addition of high oxidative potential Cu2+.However, at high dye-metal ratio, the presence of Cu2+ enhanced the photodegradation of ACBK.The negtive effect of Cu2+ on the photodegradation of AR was observed for all dye-metal ratios.The relative chemical inert Zn2+ tended to enhance the photodegradation of both anionic dyes.The mechanism underlying the different effect of Cu2+ is discussed from the different roles of surface-adsorbed and dye-coordinated Cu2+ in the photodegradation of dyes.     

镧系配合物检测流域水环境阴离子的可视化研究

水环境中阴离子的快速便捷检测对评估流域水环境污染、提出相关流域治理对策具有重要意义.提出一种以镧系金属离子Eu3+作为配位金属离子,采用水热法与2,6-吡啶二羧酸合成镧系配合物,对水环境中9种常见阴离子进行定性和定量分析的方法.结果表明,制备的配合物吡啶二羧酸铕[Eu(DPA)3]在水中具有良好分散性,280 nm激发...     

Interrelation of Cd‐lon concentrations and the growth and activities of microorganisms in two growth media†

Partitioning of native or anthropogenic heavy metals in solid and solution phases of soil is a result of network of several physico‐chemical reactions. The attainment of equilibrium between two phases is also regulated by biochemical processes. For practical purposes, the bioavailability of metal present in soil is predominantly regulated by the soil solution phase which is in dynamic equilibrium with the solid phase. The results of a model laboratory and greenhouse growth experiments have been used to investigate the effect of Cd‐ion concentrations (either in soil solution or in nutrient solution) on the growth and activities of microorganisms. The soil solution has been simulated by preparing a suspension of soil with 0.1 M NaNO₃ (1: 2.5) equilibrated for two hours. Important conclusions are as follows:

Increase in Cd‐ion concentration in soil solution or in nutrient solution induces corresponding adverse effect on the growth and activities of microorganisms. Thus, it seems that Cd‐ion concentration is a more sensitive indicator for assessing the effect of metal pollution upon the growth and activities of soil microorganisms in comparison to total Cd contents.

During active microbial growth phase, a large part of the organically bound Cd was released in the soil solution which is largely bioavailable. This process is termed as mobilisation. There was momentary increase of Cd‐ion concentration in soil solution which intoxicated the growing organisms. After this stage, the Cd ions from the solution phase were removed by the newly formed solid phase (nonviable biomass) and were transformed in non‐available form. This process is termed as immobilisation.

The consequences and importance of these results for practical agriculture and in deciding the limits or guidelines on the maximum tolerable metal load in soils are discussed.     

Analytical studies on the pollution of argeş river

Using two analytical techniques (ICP‐AES and ASV) the heavy metal pollution of Arge? River was studied. These techniques are characterized by similar analytical performances.

The samples were collected from 13 sites starting from Capra Lake (altitude 2241 m) and finishing at Oltenita city (altitude 10 m).

Arge? River is the fifth longest river in Romania after Siret, Mure?, Olt and Some?, its length is 340 km and the river flows through four cities, Curtea de Arge?, Pite?ti, Gae?ti and Oltenita.

The results of the determinations of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb, indicate that the Arge? River shows relatively low pollution.     

卤素阴离子对镉离子电化学检测的影响

以玻碳电极为工作电极、pH 6.0的磷酸缓冲溶液为底液,研究了卤素离子氯离子、溴离子和碘离子对镉离子在此条件下电化学测定的影响.结果表明,3种卤素离子均能有效提高镉离子的响应电流.此外,当多种卤素离子同时存在时,镉离子的响应电流相对于单一卤素离子能进一步提高.进一步研究表明,卤素离子能吸附于电极表面,通过提高镉在电极表面电化学反应速度以及表面吸附量来提高镉离子的响应电流.     

金属离子及盐度对硝基苯厌氧生物降解过程的影响

以硝基苯废水处理反应器内的污泥为菌源,采用间歇反应的方法分别考察Fe3+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Al3+,Cr(Ⅵ)和Cu2+ 6种金属离子及盐度对硝基苯厌氧生物降解过程的影响.结果表明,适宜质量浓度的Fe3+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Al3+和Cr(Ⅵ)可促进硝基苯的降解. 当ρ(Fe3+)为5 mg/L,ρ(Ni2+),ρ(Zn2+)和ρ(Al3+)为1.0 mg/L及ρ〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕为0.50 mg/L时,硝基苯的降解速率提高5%～23%. 当ρ(Fe3+),ρ(Ni2+),ρ(Zn2+),ρ(Al3+),ρ〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕和ρ(Cu2+)分别大于50,10.0,5.0,5.0,5.0和0.25 mg/L时,金属离子开始对硝基苯降解菌产生抑制作用,毒性顺序为Cu2+>Cr(Ⅵ)>Al3+>Zn2+>Ni2+>Fe3+. 硝基苯降解菌生长的最佳盐度为0.25%～1.00%.