铜鼓岭自然保护区及其周围地区资源管理技术探讨

本文在对海南岛铜鼓岭自然保护区实际调查的基础上,为解决保护区管理中的一些主要问题,提出一些能够发挥当地热带自然条件优势、合理且持续利用自然资源的技术途径,即建立一个以沼气发酵为中心枢纽,将种植业、养殖业、加工业及人类生活能源等有机相联的综合生产系统。这将改善保护区缓冲区及其周围地区退化土地的生产力,提高经济、社会和环境三个效益,从而促进对核心区的有效管理和保护。     

Economics and Land-Use Change in Prioritizing Private Land Conservation

Abstract:  Incentive-based strategies such as conservation easements and short-term management agreements are popular tools for conserving biodiversity on private lands. Billions of dollars are spent by government and private conservation organizations to support land conservation. Although much of conservation biology focuses on reserve design, these methods are often ineffective at optimizing the protection of biological benefits for conservation programs. Our review of the recent literature on protected-area planning identifies some of the reasons why. We analyzed the site-selection process according to three important components: biological benefits, land costs, and likelihood of land-use change. We compared our benefit-loss-cost targeting approach with more conventional strategies that omit or inadequately address either land costs or likelihood of land-use change. Our proposed strategy aims to minimize the expected loss in biological benefit due to future land-use conversion while considering the full or partial costs of land acquisition. The implicit positive correlation between the likelihood of land-use conversion and cost of land protection means high-vulnerability sites with suitable land quality are typically more expensive than low-vulnerability sites with poor land quality. Therefore, land-use change and land costs need to be addressed jointly to improve spatial targeting strategies for land conservation. This approach can be extended effectively to land trusts and other institutions implementing conservation programs.     

天目山自然保护区柳杉种群种内和种间竞争

调查了天目山自然保护区老殿、大树王和禅源寺3个柳杉典型样地,以研究竞争在柳杉种群衰退中的作用。结果表明,柳杉基本上是柳杉群落的单一优势种,相对优势度占58.79%～93.34%;单位面积内柳杉胸高截面积达59.96m2·hm-2,材积达904.9m3·hm-2。柳杉群落存在较严重的竞争,单木竞争指数以老殿最大,平均达4.35;大树王最小,平均为0.58。以竞争指数测度的竞争强度表明,种内竞争大于种间竞争。柳杉单株竞争强度与胸径成反比。认为种内竞争是导致柳杉种群衰退的重要原因之一。     

生物多样性研究进展

生物多样性是自然资源中的一个重要组成部分。在最近的40年内,生物多样性的研究发展很迅速,有关多样性的测定方法已形成了数十个数学模型和多样性指数。生物多样性的功能也研究得比较多,生物多样性的保护技术也已逐渐系统化,并开始了持续利用和合理开发的研究。     

中国自然保护区投资现状及其分析

经费问题是多年来－直困扰我国自然保护区建设与管理的难题。笔者在对４０多个自然保护区调查的基础上，阐述了目前我国自然保护区的经费渠道和投资水平，分析了全国自然保护区投资现状和特点，探讨了开辟自然保护区经费渠道的举措。     

Adaptive Decision Rules for the Acquisition of Nature Reserves

Abstract:  Although reserve-design algorithms have shown promise for increasing the efficiency of conservation planning, recent work casts doubt on the usefulness of some of these approaches in practice. Using three data sets that vary widely in size and complexity, we compared various decision rules for acquiring reserve networks over multiyear periods. We explored three factors that are often important in real-world conservation efforts: uncertain availability of sites for acquisition, degradation of sites, and overall budget constraints. We evaluated the relative strengths and weaknesses of existing optimal and heuristic decision rules and developed a new set of adaptive decision rules that combine the strengths of existing optimal and heuristic approaches. All three of the new adaptive rules performed better than the existing rules we tested under virtually all scenarios of site availability, site degradation, and budget constraints. Moreover, the adaptive rules required no additional data beyond what was readily available and were relatively easy to compute.     

广东丰溪自然保护区昆虫多样性初步研究

通过对广东大埔丰溪自然保护区设置30个样地调查采集昆虫标本，并将所采集的标本进行区系分析和物种多样性分析，结果表明：丰溪自然保护区作为南亚热带向中亚热带过渡地带，其昆虫区系以东洋区成分占绝对优势；昆虫物种多样性指数在1．7491～2．7728之间，阔叶林下昆虫物种多样性指数平均数要高于竹林．     

我国丹顶鹤自然保护区网络设计

针对原有丹顶鹤保护区规划缺乏系统设计思想,保护区面临严重的生境安全这一问题,根据维持生态系统地域完整性和生态过程完整性的原则,采用迭代法和整数规划2种方法,以高、中适宜性湿地面积占各自湿地类型总面积70%和60%为保护目标,研究了丹顶鹤自然保护区的网络设计,提出了丹顶鹤自然保护区网络的设计方案。     

溴邻苯三酚红-交流示波极谱法测定天然水中铝形态

1　IntroductionDeterminationofthealuminumspeciationisoneofthemostsignificanttasksofenvironmentalanalyticalresearchatpresent.Therefore ,developmentofthepowerfulanalyticalmethodstargetingatdirectdetermininginorganicmonomericAliandtotalmonomericAlawillbeveryimportant[1 ].ThemostwidelyusedschemeforthefractionationofAlinnaturalwatersampleswasproposedbyDriscoll[2 ]whichemployed 8 oxine MIBKextractioncoupledwithGF AAS .Howevertherearestillsomedrawbacksinpracticalanalysisusingthemethod :(1) 8 ox…