四川龙泉湖自然保护区可持续性评价与撤销建议

龙泉湖自然保护区位于川中盆地西缘,以石盘水库为保护对象。本文首先从自然生态条件、资金与管理、周边社区发展3方面,选取稀有性、多样性、自然性、典型性、面积适宜性、资金状况、管理状况、社区发展8项指标,构建我国自然保护区可持续性综合评价的指标体系。对于面积适宜性,笔者统计得出判别功能区面积比是否适宜的标准,将该指标具体细化。核心一缓冲一实验区面积的合理比例约为0．4：0．1～0．2：O．5～0．4。以这一指标体系,对该保护区予以评分,验证该指标体系的可操作性。评分结果龙泉湖保护区仅得33分,处于不可持续水平。限制因素在自然生态、管理方面,尤其是生态功能重要性太低。进而分析该保护区不具备自然属性,动、植物物种数占四川省的比例很小,无特殊保护价值;且至今未设立保护区管理机构,无专业管护人员,不能履行管理职责。因此,本文建议撤销龙泉湖省级自然保护区,改设为省级水利风景区或湿地公园。     

改善罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区管理的对策探讨

保护区脆弱的干旱荒漠生态系统在受恶劣的自然环境因素影响的同时,也因人为活动的不断加剧,使得野骆驼和其他野生动植物必要的、正常的生存空间受到严重影响和破坏,给保护区管理带来很大难度,针对这种情况,本文在分析保护区存在的主要问题和采取的保护对策,以及取得的主要成果基础上,提出了较为合理的改善管理的建议。     

白马雪山国家级自然保护区与周边社区冲突分析

针对白马雪山国家级自然保护区与周边社区村民在环保观念、管理模式、资源利用以及补偿措施等方面的矛盾冲突,对其产生的原因进行了分析,并从社区经济发展、社区村民传统生活习惯约束、社区管理机构完善和少数民族传统文化有效利用等方面提出了主要的缓解冲突的措施和方法。     

安全生产职业培训中“安全本质”的教学思考

从提高安全生产职业培训有效性的角度,提出"安全本质"的哲学机理与数理机理,以及安全本质的认知对安全生产职业培训的积极意义。针对当前安全生产培训教育中,多限于事故案例警示教育、法律条文解释和一般安全生产管理知识的宣教的现状,提出深层认知安全本质的方法及其认知价值。通过安全本质的认知定义域划分,安全本质哲学机理和数理机理的定义,安全本质定义的认知价值,分析与探讨了安全科学体系中"安全本质"定义的构造。目的是在辩证认识中,既认知"事故发生可能性"存在的绝对性,又认知一定时空条件下,事故是可以预防的相对性,从而强化培训对象的安全生产管理意识,提升安全生产职业培训的实效性。     

武汉市九峰城市森林保护区景观敏感度评价

为合理开展森林景观的规划与建设,应用RS和GIS技术,并结合小班调查,对武汉市九峰城市森林保护区的景观生态敏感度和景观视觉敏感度进行了研究。结果表明：在武汉市九峰城市森林保护区中,高生态敏感区面积占总面积的4.6％,主要包括荒山、废弃采石场和少量灌木林地,应尽快进行生态恢复。中生态敏感区面积占总面积的535％,主要为水域、农田、部分苗圃和建设用地,可重点开展森林植被恢复和景观建设。低生态敏感区面积占总面积的419％,主要是森林覆盖区域、部分苗圃和居民点,应重点加强保护。一级视觉敏感区主要分布在沿道路两侧坡度大于20°的近景带,应以保护和生态恢复措施为主。二级视觉敏感区主要是坡度较小的近景带和山体的中、远景带区域,可视性强,应重点开展景观改造。三级视觉敏感区主要是中、远景带中的平坦地带,包括农田、苗圃、居民点等半自然景观和人文景观,可在不影响整体风貌和视觉环境的前提下进行景观建设。四级视觉敏感区为不可见区域或低可见区域,坡度大,可及性差,不宜规划建设项目。     

Nature Documentaries,Connectedness to Nature,and Pro-environmental Behavior

We investigate the effects of nature documentaries on pro-environmental cognition and behavior. Of central interest is the concept of connectedness to nature, which describes an individual's sense of being connected to nature. Based on previous research showing that a direct nature experience in zoos can increase connectedness to nature, we questioned whether watching a nature documentary could increase connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behavior. An experiment using one control group (watching a documentary about Einstein's theory of relativity) and one treatment group (watching a nature documentary) revealed that a mediated nature experience is not sufficient to elicit an increase in connectedness to nature. However, we found that exposure increased actual donation behavior for animal and environmental protection organizations. It is important to note that nature documentary exposure increased pro-environmental donation behavior only in those already having a strong sense of connectedness. We discuss real-world implications for donation-accepting, non-profit organizations.     

Following Old Paths or Shaping New Ones in Natura 2000 Implementation? Mapping Path Dependency in Instrument Choice

This article reviews the influence of two specific European Union (EU) laws, the Birds and Habitats Directives, on the choice of national policy instruments by Member States. Both Directives leave the choice for policy instruments to manage the sites designated under the Directives to the Member States. Using path dependency as a leading concept, this article analyses the continuity or changes in policy instruments due to the implementation of the Directives in 15 countries. This article shows that the tendency to use existing instruments to implement EU policy is limited, as in almost all countries new instruments were developed. Yet, states do tend to choose instruments from their predominant policy instrument mix and preferred implementation style to address the management requirements of the Directives. Additionally, in Central and Eastern European countries where the implementation of EU policy coincided with a process of transition to a market economy, new instruments were introduced outside the existing implementation style. The introduction of new policy instruments is the result of historical turns, domestic pressure and a shift to new modes of governance. National case studies are needed to shed more light on the interaction between EU policy and domestic factors during the process of instrument choice.     

政府应急物资保障能力评价研究

做好政府应急资源保障能力评估对于提高应急物资储备质量、保障突发事件应急处置过程中的物资供给具有重要意义。在分析应急物资需求的基础上,提出了多元性的政府应急物资保障能力评估目标;指出需要评估的应急物资主要是政府部门以实物和合同方式储备的应急物资;界定了应急物资的保障时间;以应急物资的储备特征为基础,建立了应急物资保障能力的评价指标体系;提出了基于集对分析法的应急物资保障能力评价模型,并举例说明该模型的可行性;最后为进一步研究提出了一些建议。     

Inventories and maps: cognitive ways of framing the nature policies in Europe

Since the Earth Summit in Rio, declining biodiversity has become a subject of general concern for many countries. To counter these negative trends, government nature policies in Europe at least are now thought out primarily in terms of networks. They concern new areas outside nature reserves, new players and new management strategies. Consequently, these policies should themselves become the subject of new public debate. Our study concerns the analysis of the forms used to collect the data required to set up the European Union's Natura 2000 network and maps drawn as part of the Council of Europe's Pan-European Ecological Network strategy. The aim of this article, which takes the perspective developed by the sociology of science, will be to show how the forms and maps used in these new nature policies produce knowledge that precedes policy discussions to search for the best possible socio-political compromises. In other words, the knowledge that is collected in and by means of these documents, forms and maps offers a cognitive way of ‘framing’ the subsequent public debates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Applying Fuzzy Logic to Assess Human Perception in Relation to Conservation Plan Efficiency Measures Within a Biosphere Reserve

The objective of this study is to present an efficiency-perception impact assessment based upon the integration of fuzzy logic (FL) of the "Productive Reconversion" conservation program (PRP) instituted by the Mexican government, in the upper Gulf of California and the Colorado Delta Biosphere Reserve. This approach enables environmental analysts to deal with the intrinsic imprecision and ambiguity associated with people's judgments and conclusions. The application of FL to the assessment of program efficiency is illustrated in this work, demonstrating how subjective perceptions can be converted into quantitative values easy to evaluate during the decision-making process.