渭河入黄流路调整工程对陕西黄河湿地自然保护区的生态影响

陕西黄河湿地自然保护区是以保护河流湿地生态系统与珍稀水禽为主的省级自然保护区,渭河入黄流路调整工程位于自然保护区的缓冲区和核心区,工程建设将对该自然保护区的生态系统产生一定的环境影响。在调查该自然保护区生态环境质量现状的基础上,客观分析了渭河入黄流路调整工程建设对该自然保护区保护区结构与功能、区域生态系统完整性和生物多样性等方面产生的环境影响,并提出了相应的环境保护措施。     

纳板河自然保护区生物多样性及其保护与发展研究

根据纳板河保护区的生物多样性和保护管理现状,提出了加强保护区生物多样性保护和促进保护区发展的对策。     

城市环境规划的法律性质

在复杂的城市环境中,城市环境规划正是凭借其理性的预测与部署使整个环境保护活动有条不紊、游刃有余。然而在实践中,由于法律地位的不明确,城市环境规划的法律效力并没有得到公众的重视,其保护城市环境的功能未能完全发挥。要从根本上解决这种不被重视的现状,必须首先明确城市环境规划法律性质的界定。主要阐述了城市环境规划法律性质研究的重要意义、目前的研究状况等问题,并在此基础上,提出了城市环境规划是一类特殊的行政行为的观点。     

自然保护区矿业权退出机制研究

自然保护区矿业权退出有利于降低矿山所在地开发强度,缓解粗放勘采与生态红线划定的对立矛盾,是顺应生态优化、绿色发展战略的必要举措。在我国各地实践中,矿业权退出普遍面临着诸如退出范围存在分歧、问题处置主体不明、退出补偿方式单一、环境治理难以落实等困境。为了破解上述困境,构建了包括矿业权退出范围判定机制、问题处置机制、多元化补偿机制和生态修复机制在内的自然保护区矿业权退出机制,以期破解我国自然保护区矿业权退出难题,并推动退出工作有序进行。     

人类社会可持续发展的资本视角

由于当代人与后代人共同占有整个地球，因此从理论上讲，解决代际公平问题成为可持续发展理论研究的首要问题。从经济学角度讲。整个资本世界可以分为人力资本、人造资本、环境资本、社会资本等四个组成部分，分析表明，不同类型资本之间的替代与互补关系，对维持可持续发展至关重要。尤其，应该大力培育人力资本与环境友好的社会资本。     

Emergy Evaluation of a Village Ecosystem in Wolong Nature Reserve in China

Due to historic reasons, there are several human settlements in nature reserves and national parks, which may constitute a threat to biodiversity. Establishment of nature reserves may however generate constraints for development of local communities residing in these reserves. The village ecosystem of Zhuanjinglou Village in Wolong Nature Reserve includes population, farming and livestock （domestic and alpine） and forest ecosystem. An emergy analysis of agro-ecosystem （including the farming and livestock ecosystem） and energy consumption in Zhuanjinglou Village indicates that livestock ecosystem plays an important role in village ecosystem, which may be the source of great pressure on the state of the local environment. The increasing ratio of electricity in energy consumption may play a positive role for environmental conservation. Despite some successful experiences, there are some remaining issues that need to be addressed in the ecological rehabilitation of the village ecosystem.     

Dynamic reserve design with the union-find algorithm

When reserve networks are established over time, there is a risk that sites will be developed in areas planned for future reservation, reducing the effectiveness of reserves. We developed a dynamic reserve design model that maximizes the expected number of species conserved, taking account of the risk of future habitat loss and fragmentation. The model makes use of the union-find algorithm, which is an efficient method for maintaining a list of connected regions in a graph as nodes and edges are inserted. A simple extension of the algorithm allows us to efficiently determine, for each species, when a sequence of site selections results in a reserve in which the species can persist. The extension also allows us to determine when a sequence of deforestation events results in the species becoming non-viable. The dynamic reserve design model is much more effective than commonly used heuristics, particularly when multiple connected sites are required for species persistence. The model also is able to solve much larger problems with greater effectiveness than the only previous dynamic reserve design model that considered site connectivity relationships. The union-find algorithm has much scope for addressing ecological management problems in which dynamic connectivity needs to be considered.     

Forks in the Road: Choices in Procedures for Designing Wildland Linkages

Abstract:  Models are commonly used to identify lands that will best maintain the ability of wildlife to move between wildland blocks through matrix lands after the remaining matrix has become incompatible with wildlife movement. We offer a roadmap of 16 choices and assumptions that arise in designing linkages to facilitate movement or gene flow of focal species between 2 or more predefined wildland blocks. We recommend designing linkages to serve multiple (rather than one) focal species likely to serve as a collective umbrella for all native species and ecological processes, explicitly acknowledging untested assumptions, and using uncertainty analysis to illustrate potential effects of model uncertainty. Such uncertainty is best displayed to stakeholders as maps of modeled linkages under different assumptions. We also recommend modeling corridor dwellers (species that require more than one generation to move their genes between wildland blocks) differently from passage species (for which an individual can move between wildland blocks within a few weeks). We identify a problem, which we call the subjective translation problem, that arises because the analyst must subjectively decide how to translate measurements of resource selection into resistance. This problem can be overcome by estimating resistance from observations of animal movement, genetic distances, or interpatch movements. There is room for substantial improvement in the procedures used to design linkages robust to climate change and in tools that allow stakeholders to compare an optimal linkage design to alternative designs that minimize costs or achieve other conservation goals.     

基于模糊聚类法研究绥宁黄桑自然保护区种子植物多样性与邻近地区之间的关系

通过对绥宁黄桑自然保护区植物多样性与其相邻的其余的9个地区植物多样性进行模糊聚类分析,结果表明,按与其区系关系的密切程度的大小进行排列,与绥宁县黄桑自然保护区的关系的密切从大至小的顺序为：台湾岛〉井冈山〉武夷山〉大罗山〉白云山〉北山〉北仑山〉黄山〉神农架,旨在对植物分类方法的研究作一个有益的尝试,探索一条植物分类的新方法,同时其结果对黄桑自然保护区的经营管理和保护具有一定的实践指导意义．图1,表2,参14．     

Linnaeus’ study of Swedish swidden cultivation: Pioneering ethnographic work on the ‘economy of nature’

Carl Linnaeus’ work on the ‘economy of nature’ was a major early development in what became the modern field of ecology. This analysis suggests that a key subject of this work that has been ignored or misunderstood for 250 years is the rural livelihoods, especially swidden (or slash-and-burn) agriculture, which Linnaeus studied during his expeditions through rural Sweden. Rereading his reports in the light of modern work on swiddens, political ecology, and the history of science affords a new appreciation of Linnaeus’ insights into traditional systems of resource exploitation. The logic of nutrient cycling in swidden agriculture and its utilization of natural dynamics to serve human ends exemplify the principles of the ‘economy of nature’, and gave Linnaeus a philosophical basis for understanding and defending this system of agriculture as well as other rural resource use systems in Sweden. This analysis sheds new light on Linnaeus’ ethnographic work, his view of folk environmental knowledge, and his often derided identification with Sweden’s ethnic peoples.