亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化一体化反应器处理禽畜养殖废水的研究

通过静态（10 d）和动态（105 d）两个阶段成功启动自行设计的亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化一体化反应器,并进行了处理禽畜养殖场废水的研究。反应器运行稳定后,分别考察了溶解氧（DO）和水力停留时间（HRT）对一体化反应器运行性能的影响。结果表明,当供氧段DO为1.5 mg/L～2.0 mg/L以及HRT在22 h～26 h时,反应器运行效果良好;采用一体化反应器在常温18℃～30℃,供氧段DO为1.5 mg/L～2.0 mg/L,废水HRT约24h条件下处理某禽畜养殖场厌氧池出水,COD、NH4^＋-N和TN平均去除率分别为75.10%、85.77%、69.28%,脱氮效果明显,反应器氮容积负荷达0.14 kg/m^3.d。     

“限塑令”政策有效性评估的实例分析

通过对上海市杨浦区3个居民小区"限塑令"实施前后塑料袋消费情况的调研.发现"限塑令"在一定程度上起到了塑料袋减量化的作用,但效果并不明显.其瓶颈在于我国当前对商品流通领域的控制能力非常薄弱,对非正规零售商约束力度不够、监管缺位,导致他们无视"限塑令"的规定,继续提供免费塑料袋,从而严重架空了"限塑令"的减量化效果.文章中提出了通过加强监管和处罚力度、培育社会参与机制,以及加大公众宣传活动等措施,消除"限塑令"的政策死角,以真正实现塑料购物袋消费减量化的目标.     

Mate guarding and territorial aggression vary with breeding synchrony in golden whistlers (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pachycephala pectoralis</Emphasis>)

Male paternity assurance behaviour during the female fertile period has been widely documented amongst birds. In contrast, how sex-specific behavioural strategies vary with local breeding synchrony levels remains largely unknown. This is important because, in many species, intra-population patterns of extra-pair fertilisation rates, and hence cuckoldry risk, are known to vary with the number of simultaneously fertile females. Each sex may therefore differ in how they behave towards male conspecifics during different degrees of breeding synchrony. Here I provide evidence of such sex-specific differences in the golden whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis), a species in which within-pair paternity assurance is negatively associated with breeding synchrony. Via simulated territorial intrusions using decoy males, I show that males, but not females, increase levels of aggression to male intruders during periods of low synchrony, possibly because cuckoldry risk is greatest during this period. In addition, males appear to invest more effort into mate guarding after, but not before, territorial intrusions during this period. These inter-sexual differences may reflect conflicts in interest between the sexes, with females consistently showing interest in males during the fertile period regardless of synchrony levels and males investing more resources into expelling intruders when the risk of paternity loss is greatest. This study thus provides evidence that males may be able to detect variation in breeding synchrony and cuckoldry risk and adjust their paternity assurance behaviour accordingly.     

辽宁省电力行业CO2减排措施的研究

通过采用调查与统计年鉴数据相结合的方法,计算出辽宁省电力行业CO2排放量,结果表明,辽宁省电力行业的CO2排放量为1．52亿t,占辽宁省CO2总排放量的43．80％。其中,大连电力行业的CO2排放量居辽宁省电力行业第1位,铁岭、抚顺和葫芦岛分别排在2、3、4位。并提出削减辽宁省电力行业CO2排放量的措施     

Impact of safety attitude,safety knowledge and safety leadership on chemical industry workers’ risk perception based on Structural Equation Modelling and System Dynamics

In chemical industry, major accidents occur occasionally. Past research has demonstrated that risk perception was relevant to safety as it might affect the behavior, which could exert influence on the probability of accidents. It is important to adjust workers' risk perception to reduce accidents in chemical industry. To achieve this goal, some key influencing factors of workers’ risk perception of were identified from 3 aspects including safety attitude, safety knowledge and safety leadership. This was accomplished by gathering empirical data from 287 workers employed in 6 Chemical plants in Jiangsu, China. The model of influencing factors of risk perception for workers was established based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), and the path coefficients and weights were analyzed by the SEM. On that basis, the System Dynamics (SD) model of risk perception for workers was established. The study findings revealed safety attitude and safety leadership have a direct positive impact on perception of risk probability and perception of risk severity, safety knowledge has a direct positive impact on perception of risk severity, while safety knowledge has no direct positive impact on perception of risk probability. The findings of the study can provide theoretical supports and method guidance for adjusting the risk perception of workers in chemical industry.     

中国“十一五”石化行业发展规划的环境制约因素及规划环评应起的作用

结合目前中国石化行业发展存在的问题,通过对中国"十一五"石化行业发展规划分析后可知,规划的实施将受到资源短缺、环境恶化、人居安全等环境因素的制约,为实现可持续发展,应全面规划环评,最终实现和谐社会的目标。     

煤化工废水中硝基苯胺类污染物的HPLC测定

通过试验建立了工业废水中苯胺类污染物的液相色谱测定方法,优化了试验条件.该方法吸收值与基质质量浓度之间的线性关系非常显著,苯胺和6种硝基苯胺类成分的检出限在0.000 1～0.000 3 mg/L之间,空白加标试验的相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.8％～4.8％之间,基质加标回收率在58.6％～93.8％之间.对煤化工园排...     

畜禽养殖污水污染治理现状及发展趋势

畜禽养殖过程中产生的大量污水是目前养殖污染治理的一大难题。针对目前畜禽养殖污水治理过程中存在的管理力度不够、技术可行性差、运行成本过高等问题,提出了今后畜禽养殖污水治理的方向,应以"循环经济"为核心,以污染排放最小化和资源利用最大化为原则,实现经济效益和环境效益的和谐统一。     

畜牧养殖业污染治理初探

根据近年来的畜牧养殖业污染源普查情况,对畜牧养殖业生产过程中产生的污染物对环境造成的污染、治理及对策进行了初浅的探讨。