沈阳市浑南新区发展循环经济可行性探讨

浑南新区拟用循环经济和生态工业的理论建设生态工业园区,为切实做好新区创建环保样板城循环经济试点工作,将发展循环经济的观念注入全区经济结构调整和产业转型之中,从根本上解决浑南新区在发展过程中遇到的经济增长与资源环境之间的尖锐矛盾,协调社会经济与资源环境的发展。以园区内主导优势产业的物质、能量的资源化利用为基础,以生态产业链为主线建立园区的生态工业,在经济结构战略性调整中大力推进循环经济。     

促进我国环保产业发展的实证研究——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

基于2010年《中国投入产出表》,结合环保产业统计调查,构建环保产业外部化投入产出表,采用投入产出局部闭模型定量研究水污染防治行动计划对环保产业的促进作用,并对拉动效应的时滞特性进行分析。研究发现:行动计划的实施将直接带动水污染防治专业设备制造、环境监测专用仪器设备、环境咨询服务等相关领域发展,对环保产品和环保服务的直接贡献为1.4万亿,间接贡献约5 000亿。拉动效应的时滞特性分析表明,行动计划投资对环保产业的刺激效应在2017年达到高峰,然后逐年递减。     

Reconnecting crop and cattle farming to reduce nitrogen losses to river water of an intensive agricultural catchment (Seine basin,France): past,present and future

Nitrate and pesticide contamination of surface and groundwater has become a major problem in intensive farming regions in Europe, with nitrate concentrations reaching values above the standard defined in 2000 by the European Water Framework Directive. In the Seine basin, a major issue is the closure and abandonment of drinking-water wells, which force water managers and drinking-water producers to explore solutions for water resource protection. Organic farming has appeared as a credible alternative to conventional farming, and this study explores the potential of organic farming to reconcile agricultural production and water quality. On the basis of agricultural statistics, survey questionnaires and experimental data, the nitrogen soil surface balance (N-SSB) has been established at the scale of a small 104-km² catchment (The Orgeval sub-basin), representative of the intensive cash crop farming in the Seine basin. The N-surplus for arable land in specialized organic cash crop systems has been found to be half that of current conventional systems (15 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ versus 30 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively). The N-yield in organic systems is 21% lower than in conventional systems, but total fertilization (mostly symbiotic N fixation) is also 26% lower. Whereas 2–3 years of forage legume (e.g., alfalfa) as a starter crop of the typical 7- to 10-year diversified rotation builds up N soil fertility and helps prevent weeds without pesticides, the existence of an outlet for this fodder production is a limiting factor for the economic sustainability and the environmental benefits of these farming systems. Therefore, we explored the possibility of a reconnection of livestock and crop farming systems in the Orgeval catchment, a traditional dairy farming and Brie cheese production region. We calculated the N-SSB for this type of a reconnected livestock and cropping system and found a value very close to the specialized organic cash crop system with full utilization of fodder production, leading to profitable animal production, essentially as milk in this farm design. This reconnected system is compared with the estimated situation in 1955 before separation of plant and livestock production. Furthermore, the N-SSB values were converted into infiltrating sub-root concentrations and used as a boundary condition to a biogeochemical model. Organic cropping and organic reconnected livestock cropping systems result in a 50% reduction of surface water nitrate concentrations, a surface water quality 20% better than that reconstructed for 1955, with an overall higher protein production.     

Shouting the odds: vocalization signals status in a lizard

Many species possess multiple sexually dimorphic traits, which incorporate different sensory modalities (e.g., acoustic, olfactory and visual), although their relative roles in sexual selection and in determining reproductive success are still poorly understood for most taxa. We assessed the role of multiple male traits, including one acoustic (dominant call frequency) and one visual (yellow throat patch) trait, in residency advertisement, contest behavior, and breeding success in barking geckos (Ptenopus garrulus garrulus). We show that male barking geckos maintain largely exclusive home ranges, with a trend for larger males to maintain larger home ranges. We also show that larger males have a lower dominant calling frequency. When aggressive behavior was elicited in the field using a recorded call of average frequency, resident males with low frequency calls were more likely to respond aggressively and charge the speaker compared to males with high frequency calls. However, body size and small relative throat patch size, rather than call frequency, were the best predictors of overall aggressiveness. Body size was also the best predictor of whether males bred. We suggest that call frequency in this crepuscular species constitutes an effective long-range signal of body size, used by males for remote rival assessment and to advertise home range boundaries in low-light environments.     

Utility of Measuring Abundance versus Consistent Occupancy in Predicting Biodiversity Persistence

Abstract:  The primary goals of reserve selection are to represent all chosen units of biodiversity and to ensure their long-term persistence while minimizing costs. We considered two simple proxies of species persistence: a time series of point-count data to calculate abundance and a time series of presence–absence data to calculate permanence (a measure of consistent occupancy over time). Using two 10-year intervals of data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, we compared the performance of each measure at predicting persistence 18 years later. For nonrare species, abundance and permanence predicted persistence similarly well. We performed complementarity-based reserve selections with data on species abundance and permanence (from 1970 to 1979) and then evaluated the effectiveness of the reserve networks at maintaining species populations and efficiency in land use (data from 1997 to 2006). Abundance proved a better predictor of future local persistence than permanence, which justifies the relatively larger financial and temporal costs of collecting a time series of point-count data to estimate abundance. If future extinction events were used as a measure of reserve-network effectiveness, the performance of abundance and permanence did not differ markedly. Nevertheless, when future abundance, which is a more sensitive measure of network effectiveness, was used, abundance was significantly better than permanence at selecting longer-term, high-quality, species-specific habitat but required larger reserves to do so .     

四川省畜牧养殖业污染现状及防治研究

畜禽养殖业污染问题近年已成为农村污染的主要来源.通过对四川省畜禽养殖业主要污染物排放现状进行阐述,分析四川省畜禽规模化养殖和养殖专业户生产情况,以及对5种畜禽主要污染物产排污系数的分析,提出四川省畜禽养殖污染防治的技术指导.     

Integrating Strategic Environmental Assessment with Industry Planning: A Case Study of the Pasquai-Porcupine Forest Management Plan,Saskatchewan, Canada

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is gaining widespread recognition as a tool for integrating environmental considerations in policy, plan, and program development and decision-making. Notwithstanding the potential of SEA to improve higher-order decision processes, there has been very little attention given to integrating SEA with industry planning practices. As a result, the benefits of SEA have yet to be fully realized among industrial proponents. That said, SEA practice is ongoing, albeit informally and often under a different label, and is proving to be a valuable tool for industry planning and decision-making. Based on a case study of the Pasquai-Porcupine forest management plan in Saskatchewan, Canada, this paper illustrates how an integrated approach to SEA can contribute to industry environmental decision-making and can enhance the quality and deliverability of industry plans.     

新汶矿业集团发展循环经济的思路和方法

企业是经济发展主体．国家加快推进循环经济的发展．必须落实到企业的行动中。新汶矿业集团适时提出了“煤炭产业集中化、非煤产业集优化、产业发展生态化”的新思路．创新发展模式．改变单一的产业和产品结构．围绕煤炭生产这一主导产业．积极延伸产业链．着力构建“煤、电、化（煤化工、盐化工）、建材”的新型产业格局。着眼于煤炭相关产业的全面升级．大力发展“煤基多元化”产业集群;着眼于资豫型城市的转型．全力构筑“非煤集优化”产业链条;着眼于提升矿井技术创新能力．全面提高矿区煤炭资豫综合利用水平。以四大工业园区为依托．构建特色区域经济．探索出一条煤炭企业发展循环经济的成功之路。     

沈阳市环保产业发展现状及对策建议

结合2004年沈阳市环保产业调查工作,论述了沈阳市环保产业的发展现状,对制约产业发展的问题进行了分析,并提出了沈阳市环保产业健康发展的对策及建议。     

略论加强环境保护基础设施建设

对环境保护基础设施内涵和外延及功能作了阐述，环境保护基础设施建设是我国环境保护工作的新发展和新开拓，是城市现代化和可持续发展的需要，可成为经济发展新的增长点。