沈阳市畜禽养殖环境承载力分析及预测

运用系统分析方法中灰色预测模型,对沈阳市自然状态下和处理部分粪污情况下的畜禽养殖环境承载能力进行了分析和预测。计算结果表明,应用灰色预测模型对畜禽养殖环境承载力进行分析,精确度较高。对沈阳市各区(县)、市畜禽养殖环境承载力进行了分析预测,依据计算得出的相应地区畜禽养殖环境承载力结果,能够更加科学地为畜禽养殖空间布局提供参考。同时分析得出,提高畜禽粪污处理率,可以有效的延缓畜禽养殖业给环境带来的生态压力,推迟畜禽养殖环境承载力达到警戒值的年限。     

陕北能源化工基地建立生态工业园模式选择及两种模式构建流程

生态工业园的建设主要有4种模式。通过比较各个模式的特点,针对陕北能源化工基地现状,提出基地建立生态工业园应选择改造重构与产业共生两种模式：绘制流程图,对两种模式的构建流程进行研究。     

我国能源结构-产业结构协调性演进规律研究

从我国目前实际发展现状来看,只有能源结构与产业结构协调发展、共同调整,才能实现经济增长和保障能源安全的目标。运用灰色系统理论的灰色关联分析方法建立能源结构一产业结构协调度定量评价模型,引入熵权法客观赋权,根据各个指标值的变异程度,引用信息熵所反映数据本身的效用值来计算指标的权重系数,有效地避免了由于人的主观因素而形成的权重分配偏差。研究表明从1990年至2007年之间,中国的能源结构一产业结构协调度值经历了增长——下降——再增长的波浪演进过程,目前的能源结构与产业结构并没有达到充分的良性互动作用。研究结论为中国能源结构一产业结构协调度评价的解析化、定量化提供了有力的手段和理论参考依据。     

从美、德、日3国铅工业的特点看我国发展循环经济的重要性

作为对人体有害的金属铅,其生产、消费和再生受到世界各国,特别是美国、德国和日本等发达国家的重视。从分析世界铅的生产和消费入手,指出含铅废料（主要是电池）回收及铅再生的重要性;着重介绍了美、德、日3国废铅酸蓄电池的回收、铅再生产业的现状和特点;通过分析与研究我国铅工业目前存在的问题,指出我国发展循环经济的重要意义,并对如何发展循环经济提出建议。     

实施《水污染防治行动计划》推动水环境产业发展——对《水污染防治行动计划》的解读

落实《水污染防治行动计划》将大力推动我国水环境产业发展,据环保部测算《水污染防治行动计划》将拉动环保产业新增产值1.9万亿,其中直接购买环保产业产品和服务将不少于1.4万亿元。研究表明,水污染防治行动计划明确水环境质量改善的阶段性目标,对重点流域、工业行业、规模化畜禽养殖、工业集聚区、城镇生活污水治理等领域的发展需求巨大,并促进我国水污染治理领域政府和社会资本合作(PPP)、政府购买环保公共服务、重点区域环境污染第三方治理等模式创新发展。文章在分析水污染防治行动计划对环保产业发展带来机遇的基础上,重点分析了水环境产业发展的重点领域,提出了健全投资方式与回报机制、鼓励丰富融资工具、拓宽融资渠道、注重技术研发引进与成果转化等水环境产业发展对策措施。     

浅析被动式FTIR走航监测技术在废气监测中的应用

与传统的监测技术相比,走航监测技术具有监测范围大、响应快速、机动性强的特点,在工业园区及企业废气排放的监测监控、溯源定位方面应用较为广泛。被动式傅里叶红外(FTIR)走航监测技术可以动态、立体、实时地扫描周围一定空域气体中的污染物质。采用被动式FTIR走航监测车,对不同的工业园区企业进行监测,结果表明,被动式FTIR走航监测可对实时发现的超标或异常有毒有害、易燃易爆、异味因子排放装置进行及时的定位和溯源,为环保部门和企业对污染物进行进一步精细化管控提供了有力的科学依据。     

An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China

It is important to understand the status and extent of soil contamination with trace elements to make sustainable management strategies for agricultural soils. The inputs of trace elements to agricultural soils via atmospheric deposition, livestock manures, fertilizers and agrochemicals, sewage irrigation and sewage sludge in China were analyzed and an annual inventory of trace element inputs was developed. The results showed that atmospheric deposition was responsible for 43–85% of the total As, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb inputs, while livestock manures accounted for approximately 55%, 69% and 51% of the total Cd, Cu and Zn inputs, respectively. Among the elements concerned, Cd was a top priority in agricultural soils in China, with an average input rate of 0.004 mg/kg/yr in the plough layer (0–20 cm). Due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the sources, the inventory as well as the environmental risks of trace elements in soils varies on a regional scale. For example, sewage sludge and fertilizers (mainly organic and phosphate-based inorganic fertilizers) can also be the predominant sources of trace elements where these materials were excessively applied. This work provides baseline information to develop policies to control and reduce toxic element inputs to and accumulation in agricultural soils.     

Economic and social effects analysis of mineral development in China and policy implications

Mineral development has contributed greatly to China's economic and social development. Many challenges remain, however, including environmental pollution and resource waste in practice, as well as a dearth of systematic theoretical research. The goal of this study is to analyze the economic and social effects of various mineral developments in China from diversified perspectives, so as to provide the basis for the formulation of China's mineral development policy. The input–output effects, industrial linkage effects and income distribution effects of different mining industries are quantitatively analyzed by adopting basic hypotheses of input–output economics, industrial linkage model and income distribution antitheses based on the latest available official data from China Statistical Yearbook from 2004 to 2010 and the 2007 Input–Output Table of China. The empirical results obtained in this study indicate that all mineral development industries, especially coal mining and washing, and petroleum and natural gas extraction industries, have given a strong impetus to the increase of China's fixed asset investment and GDP. Moreover, they have provided a large number of jobs, thereby alleviating ongoing employment pressure, and they have also played a positive role in promoting China's technology investment. The analysis of industrial linkages demonstrates that mining industries are basic to the national economy and produce a significant impetus to its downstream industries, but create weak pull effects in terms of national economic development. From the perspective of income distribution, mining industries play an important role in increasing China's fiscal revenue and per capital income. Hence, China's mineral development policy should (1) encourage additional investment in technology for exploration and development to insure sufficient supply and expand the input effects; (2) attract additional talent to work in remote regions; (3) optimize the industrial structure and promote the industrial transformation in resource regions; (4) adjust the interest distribution between the central and local governments to enable the local regions to become more self-sufficient; and (5) enhance the legal environment so that companies can more readily undertake their social responsibilities voluntarily.     

畜禽养殖废水处理技术探讨

介绍了畜禽养殖废水有机物和氨氮含量高、可生化性好等特点及其污染现状,从物化法和生物法两个方面综述了近年来国内外有关畜禽养殖废水处理技术的研究进展,并分析了现有处理方法的优缺点和存在的问题。在此基础上提出了现阶段厌氧（缺氧）一好氧组合工艺技术是处理较大规模畜禽养殖废水的主要方法。并建议畜禽养殖废水的治理应从“防”、“治”两个方面入手。     

吉林省畜禽养殖污染现状及防治对策

畜禽养殖污染问题已经越来越引起社会的关注。畜禽粪污处理不当会污染地表水及地下水,也会对土壤造成污染,养殖场恶臭对空气环境造成污染,使得畜禽传染病及寄生虫病等不断蔓延。通过详细调查分析吉林省畜禽养殖情况、畜禽粪污产生量和处理情况以及环境污染现状,提出吉林省畜禽养殖污染的防治对策,既需要加强畜禽养殖污染防治技术的研究,也需要研究必要的政策和加强管理,更需要开展必要的国际合作。以实现资源循环利用,促进吉林省畜禽养殖业健康发展。