畜禽养殖业污染防治及综合利用途径

通过对畜禽养殖业污染源分析，剖析其对环境造成的影响，就各种污染防治措施提出我省畜禽粪便综合利用途径。     

An inventory of trace element inputs to agricultural soils in China

It is important to understand the status and extent of soil contamination with trace elements to make sustainable management strategies for agricultural soils. The inputs of trace elements to agricultural soils via atmospheric deposition, livestock manures, fertilizers and agrochemicals, sewage irrigation and sewage sludge in China were analyzed and an annual inventory of trace element inputs was developed. The results showed that atmospheric deposition was responsible for 43–85% of the total As, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb inputs, while livestock manures accounted for approximately 55%, 69% and 51% of the total Cd, Cu and Zn inputs, respectively. Among the elements concerned, Cd was a top priority in agricultural soils in China, with an average input rate of 0.004 mg/kg/yr in the plough layer (0–20 cm). Due to the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the sources, the inventory as well as the environmental risks of trace elements in soils varies on a regional scale. For example, sewage sludge and fertilizers (mainly organic and phosphate-based inorganic fertilizers) can also be the predominant sources of trace elements where these materials were excessively applied. This work provides baseline information to develop policies to control and reduce toxic element inputs to and accumulation in agricultural soils.     

畜禽养殖废水处理技术探讨

介绍了畜禽养殖废水有机物和氨氮含量高、可生化性好等特点及其污染现状,从物化法和生物法两个方面综述了近年来国内外有关畜禽养殖废水处理技术的研究进展,并分析了现有处理方法的优缺点和存在的问题。在此基础上提出了现阶段厌氧（缺氧）一好氧组合工艺技术是处理较大规模畜禽养殖废水的主要方法。并建议畜禽养殖废水的治理应从“防”、“治”两个方面入手。     

吉林省畜禽养殖污染现状及防治对策

畜禽养殖污染问题已经越来越引起社会的关注。畜禽粪污处理不当会污染地表水及地下水,也会对土壤造成污染,养殖场恶臭对空气环境造成污染,使得畜禽传染病及寄生虫病等不断蔓延。通过详细调查分析吉林省畜禽养殖情况、畜禽粪污产生量和处理情况以及环境污染现状,提出吉林省畜禽养殖污染的防治对策,既需要加强畜禽养殖污染防治技术的研究,也需要研究必要的政策和加强管理,更需要开展必要的国际合作。以实现资源循环利用,促进吉林省畜禽养殖业健康发展。