基于贝叶斯公式的不确定性水环境容量研究——以北运河为例

针对水环境的随机不确定性,构建了基于贝叶斯公式的不确定性水环境容量核算方法,并以北运河为实证案例对所建立的核算方法进行验证:利用贝叶斯公式,通过对水环境容量核算涉及的流量、流速、背景浓度、污染物综合衰减系数这4个参数和水环境容量本身5个随机变量的分布特征进行分析,最后得到水环境容量的概率分布.结果表明:北运河流域l0个...     

渭河干流甘肃段生态足迹与承载力评价分析

渭河作为黄河第一大支流,在黄河治理开发中占有重要地位。应用改进三维生态足迹法核算渭河干流甘肃段2009—2019年生态足迹和承载力,研究社会经济活动对流域生态环境的影响,探讨促进流域高质量发展的措施。结果显示:2009—2019年渭河干流甘肃段化石能源用地和耕地是流域生态足迹的主要组分,分别为36 498.64和12 869.88 hm²(以省公顷为面积当量);流域生态足迹和生态承载力整体呈先增大后减小的趋势,生态自然资源供给能力占区域消费能力的比例从13.92%升至15.16%,人均生态赤字以每年2.95%的速率持续下降,生态足迹广度和深度增加趋势明显,表明流域自然资源消费结构不合理局面得到缓和,但生态环境压力缓解趋势不明显。未来应采取增加生态用地、调整产业结构、优化资源消费结构等措施缓解区域生态压力。     

滤袋式膜生物反应器净化二甲苯

采用模拟膜生物反应器构建的滤袋式膜生物反应器处理二甲苯废气,并初步探讨了其净化性能。实验结果表明:在4~9℃的低温条件下,二甲苯的去除能力随着停留时间、进气负荷的增大而提高,最大去除能力可达到74.3 g/(m3·h),与一般生物滴滤塔的运行性能相当。微生物主要附着在滤袋表面,且生长良好。根据本实验中滤袋式膜生物反应器的结构特点,可进一步增加滤袋比表面积以提高其去除能力。     

氧化-负载铁组合工艺改性活性炭及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除

通过氧化-负载铁组合工艺对活性炭进行改性,对比了不同氧化剂(硝酸/磷酸)对改性效果的影响,利用Boehm、FT-IR、BET、XRD对改性活性炭(ACNF/ACPF)进行了表征,并对改性活性炭吸附水中痕量Cr(Ⅵ)的性能进行了研究。结果显示:硝酸与磷酸氧化均可显著增加活性炭表面酸性官能团数量,提高表面亲水性;改性后活性炭比表面积、孔体积和平均孔径均减小;负载的铁主要以铁(氢)氧化物形式存在于活性炭表面(ACPF)和介孔(ACNF)中;在Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度0.5 mg/L,pH值3.0,活性炭投加量100 mg/L时,吸附12 h达到平衡,ACNF对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到97.82%,出水Cr(Ⅵ)剩余浓度降至0.05 mg/L以下,满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)要求,改性可显著提高对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量。     

基于情景分析的城市湖泊流域社会经济优化发展研究

以山东省东昌湖流域为例,以生产、生活、生态用水指标为切入点,从社会、经济和生态环境综合效益最大化角度建立流域社会-经济-环境协调发展的模糊机会约束多目标优化模型,在惯性方案及规划方案的基础上拟定了三种不同的发展情景(资源环境约束型、社会经济约束型和协调发展型),采用模糊多目标规划权衡各目标函数间的权重,引入污水处理规模机会约束分析,分析规划水平年各方案优化结果指标,结合流域现状及规划要求,优选最佳社会经济发展模式及污染物控制措施,提出了流域未来年(2008—2030年)社会经济的发展模式及产业结构的调整方向。     

Network structure and adaptive capacity in watershed governance

What supports the adaptive capacity of watershed governance? Using document review, interviews, and network diagrams, we analyze how structural attributes of a governance network emerged and co-evolved with changes in biophysical conditions in a case study of a small watershed in northeast Ohio. Results indicate that the network governance structure that emerged evolved to become a hybrid of two different structural forms that diversified stakeholder engagement, generated social capital, improved social learning, and stimulated change in management practices, all of which have enhanced adaptive capacity. A significant challenge to adaptive capacity arises, however, as network governance has come to rely significantly on a centralized organization to broker relationships for information and other resources.     

Assessing the potential for lead release from road dusts and soils

Lead release from several soil and road dust samples -- obtained from various locations in the London Borough of Greenwich -- has been investigated as a function of acid and chloride addition. The work shows that lead retention in dust samples is primarily dependent upon buffer capacity, which in turn appears to be related to carbonate content. The continuing addition of acid eventually overcomes the buffer capacity of the system. At this point lead is rapidly released. For the soils investigated buffer capacities appear to be small and in these cases lead is readily released. The supplementary addition of chloride to the samples can have contrary effects upon release. For the dust samples chloride enhances lead release due, presumably, to the formation of chloro--lead complexes. However for one soil sample chloride hinders lead release possibly by binding anionic chloro--lead complexes to anionic exchange sites formed by the protonation of surface hydroxyl groups in the soil matrix.     

环境承载力论初探

正确判断人类神经行为，特别是经济发展行为是否与所处的环境条件相协调，是实现环境与经济协调发展的前景。     

VARIATION IN ADIRONDACK,NEW YORK,LAKEWATER CHEMISTRY AS FUNCTION OF SURFACE AREA1

ABSTRACT: Data from a recent survey conducted by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation were used to evaluate the influence of lake surface area on the acid-base status of lakes in Adirondack State Park, New York. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in the small lakes (< 4 ha) occurred more frequently at extreme values (> 200, < 0 μeq L^?1), whereas larger lakes tended to be intermediate in ANC. Consequently, acidic (ANC ≤ 0) and low-pH lakes were typically small. The small lakes also exhibited lower Ca²⁺ concentration and higher dissolved organic carbon than did larger lakes. Lakes ≥ 4 ha were only half as likely to be acidic as were lakes ≥ 1 ha in area. These data illustrate the dependence of lake chemistry on lake surface area and the importance of the lower lake area limit for a statistical survey of lake water chemistry.     

含硫污水汽提装置的技术改造

洛阳石化总厂五联合装置对含硫污水汽提装置的技术改造，不改变塔体，仅采用新型梯型立体喷射塔盘就能使其处理能力扩大70％－100％，运行效果较好，对国内炼厂同类环保装置的扩改及推行清洁生产有借鉴之处。