废弃钻井泥浆的固化处理

废弃钻井泥浆的处理是油气勘探与开发工业中人们极为关注的。文章在分析废弃钻井泥浆性质的基础上，通过化学稳定与固化处理试验研究得出以水泥为主，烟炭，石灰等为添加剂的固化剂配方，实验结果表明，经固化处理的废弃泥浆，其固化产物重金属浸出率低，稳定性好，具有一定的抗氧强度，从而能有效地降低废弃泥浆对环境的污染危害，文中还对各种辅加剂对固化效果的影响进行了分析。     

改性脲醛树脂絮凝浮选剂在污水处理中的应用

用尿素和甲醛作为主要原料合成脲醛树脂季胺盐和脲醛树脂叔胺盐。采用ＷＥＭＣＯ浮选模型机和自行设计的模拟现场充气浮选的气浮设备及现场污水对絮凝浮选剂除油、除悬浮物的性能进行了评价。另外，用核磁共振和红外光谱测定了脲醛树脂叔胺盐的结构，并用凝胶色谱法测定了其分子量。     

含油污泥的处理与利用

石油开采和加工过程中产生的含油污泥，带有有害物质和较高的热值，既需处理又可综合利用，这是一个复杂而又重要的课题。当前，我国含油污泥处理与利用和国外先进水平有较大差距，处理装置技术落后，不配套，多数污泥未进行无害化处理，造成了环境污染和能源资源的浪费。在收集了大量资料的基础上，列举了含油污泥的性质及危害。“九五”期间应积极开展先进工艺设备的引进推广工作，特别在含油污泥的脱水干燥、污油回收和绿化利用上，可推广江汉、中原油田的先进工艺设备，使含油污泥达到无害化乃至变废为宝。     

石油工业废弃物处置及其生物治理趋势

鉴于我国石油工作者对石油工业废弃物的普遍关注，现在介绍生物治理的基本概念及ＳＰＥ石油工程师协会中有关含油污泥生物处置的途径及其突出优越性。生物液／固处理工艺（ＬＳＴ）是目前含油污泥处置现场最经济可行的处置方案。这种好氧的ＬＳＴ工艺过程，能够比较充分地代谢和降解石油污泥中的油和脂并大量除去多环芳烃类（ＰＡＨ）化合物及其它有机化合物，明显地降低了石油废弃物对人、畜的毒害程度。其工艺较简单，操作也简易，凡经此工艺处理后的废弃物不留残毒和后患，因此早已被世界上先进国家的炼油业视为处理含油污泥的有效选择了。石油工业废弃物的生物防治和生物降解工艺较大程度地领先于目前我国现场正在执行的各种处理含油废弃物的处理工艺。     

Wellhead treatment costs for groundwater contaminated with pesticides: A preliminary analysis for pineapple in Hawaii

In Hawaii, trace concentrations of pesticides used in the production of pineapple were found in the groundwater supplies of Mililani Town in the Pearl Harbor Basin on the island of Oahu. Groundwater serves as the major source of drinking water and residents pay for wellhead treatment of the contaminated water, via their monthly water bill. The agricultural chemical users within the Pearl Harbor Basin do not include these wellhead treatment costs in their production costs. The agricultural industry benefits from using pesticides but does not pay the entire societal cost of using these chemicals. In this study we evaluate the specific financial cost of wellhead treatment, and not the economic value of groundwater. While wellhead treatment costs could conceivably be shared by several parties, this study focuses on the financial impact of the pineapple industry alone. This study factors annual wellhead treatment costs into annual pineapple production costs to measure the effect on annual financial return from pineapple production. Wellhead treatment costs are calculated from the existing granulated activated carbon (GAC) water treatment facility for Millilani Wells I and II. Pineapple production costs are estimated from previous cost of production studies. The inclusion of wellhead treatment costs produces different production-cost results, depending on the scale of analysis. At the local scale, the Mililani wellhead treatment costs can be factored into the production costs of the pineapple fields, which were probably responsible for contamination of the Mililani Wells, without causing a deficit in economic return. At the larger regional scale, however, the return from all of the pineapple grown in the Pearl Harbor Basin can not sustain the cost of wellhead treatmentfor the entire water supply of the basin. Recommendations point to the prevention of groundwater contamination as more cost-effective measure than wellhead treatment.     

钻井废水的处理

本文针对钻井废水的处理，综述了现有的处理方法、处理药剂以及处理装置，并对钻井废水的处理、排放提出了一些意见和建议。     

交流电凝聚技术及其在油田污水处理方面的应用研究

交流电凝聚（ACE）技术能有效地从稳定的悬浮液和乳浊液中凝聚并分离出固相、重金属和油。电压缩和电絮凝促进凝结、快速沉淀及脱水，且不使用昂贵的高分子电解质和化学药品，也不需使用复杂且易于被超细微粒堵塞的过滤系统。木文介绍了ACE技术的初步原理及其在国外油田污水处理方面的应用，并与传统的污水净化方法进行了比较。     

Nature conservation and local plans

It is noted that nature conservation has gained progressively in importance as a planning issue. The paper reports on the role of the Nature Conservancy Council, and in particular their Assistant Regional Officers, in consulting over the production of local plans. Local plan policies may assist valuably in the protection of important sites, although sympathetic planning authorities can also assist nature conservation in a variety of other ways. Sustained and systematic liaison with planning authorities is necessary for nature conservation to become a substantive local plan issue.     

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY PEATLANDS IN A NORTHERN CLIMATE: A WATER QUALITY STUDY1

ABSTRACT: The use of peatlands as the main form of wastewater treatment in a northern climate was studied for the James Bay Energy Society. The Fontanges campsite (70° 17′ 30″ W; 54° 34′ 00″ N) was chosen as the study site. In less than 1.5 km from the point of discharge BOD₅, COD, total hardness, inorganic carbon, orthophosphates, total phosphorus, ammonia and total nitrogen were reduced by at least 90 percent. The peatland treatment system studied is divided into four components, each having a specific function. The first part combines the action of microorganisms and adsorption on peat, thus reducing the organic content while increasing the inorganic constituents. The second part uses peat to adsorb the inorganic elements already present in the wastewater and those produced in the first part of the system. The third component acts as an aerator, increasing the dissolved oxygen and decreasing the BOD₅ levels of the water. The fourth part removes most of the remaining nutrients, thus acting like a tertiary treatment. Overall, peatlands seemed to be effective in treating domestic settled wastewater in a cold climate.     

Enterprise boards: evolution and critique

There has been a marked proliferation of local economic development initiatives in recent years. Enterprise Boards have proved one of the most successful of these innovations. In the early 1980s five were established. Two, the Greater London and the West Midlands Enterprise Boards, were initially designed to intervene radically within their local economies, although subsequent events moderated their activities. The remaining three in Lancashire, West Yorkshire and Merseyside, have successfully widened their operations to embrace collaborate projects with the private sector, training, boosting co‐operatives, and research. By many economic evaluations, for example, jobs supported, leverage ratios and investment per job, Enterprise Boards have performed better than other instruments of urban and regional development. Wider socio‐political objectives have proved more difficult to achieve.