黑碳监测在博物馆文物环境评价中的应用研究

每个博物馆所处地理环境、气候均有所不同,如何对博物馆展厅环境进行全面监测,最终对陈列展示的文物形成一套完整而有效的保护体系,是文物保护工作人员研究的主要课题。试验采用黑碳监测仪对上海中国航海博物馆展厅内部及馆外空气质量同步进行监测,根据采集到的数据分析,对馆内及周边黑碳的来源、浓度建立了一个初步的环境评价,同时,对博物馆今后文物保护工作所需注意事项也提出了相应的建议。     

云龙湖底栖动物的变化研究

监测分析云龙湖底栖动物种类变化、密度变化,底质组成与变化及生物多样性指数的变化来研究云龙湖水质的变化趋势。研究表明:近5年,云龙湖东湖水质有所改善,西湖富营养化有加重趋势。     

我国区域循环经济的发展模式探讨

探讨了我国区域循环经济的发展模式,结合我国已有的循环经济实践,提出并分析了企业集团型、社会功能型、城市功能型和生态功能型4种区域循环经济的发展模式。     

乌海市炭素企业沥青烟气的监测分析与治理研究

本文通过对乌海市三家炭素企业排放烟气的监测（重点监测、苯并[a]芘）并进行数据分析。结合炭素生产工艺流程进行研究。提出了对沥青烟气治理所采取的相应措施。为做好乌海市炭素企业沥青烟气监测及改善沥青烟气污染状况提供了一定的参考依据。     

北京市水资源领域适应气候变化对策及保障措施探讨

气候变化问题日益凸显。应对和适应气候变化刻不容缓。然而,短期内无法有效减缓气候变化产生的不利影响。因此,有必要针对不同领域制定相应的适应措施来提高人们对气候变化的适应能力。北京作为人口众多的大城市及我国的缺水城市之一,气候变化无疑将加剧水资源的供需矛盾。本文针对北京市水资源现状及气候变化对北京市水资源领域已经形成的影响,从自然、工程、政策制度三个角度探讨了北京市水资源领域适应气候变化可采取的对策及保障措施。     

循环经济发展评价的生态效率测算模型及应用

生态效率是基于可持续发展的思想,鉴于循环经济发展和实际环境的需求,通过构建循环经济发展评价的生态效率测算模型,针对循环经济中资源和环境2个重要方面,选择实例进行模型的应用。所选择研究对象经过测算,生态效率在"十一五"期间呈现波动上升,在5年时间增长了1.1倍,但仍处于末端治理为主的循环经济发展阶段,较为客观地反映了当地循环经济的发展轨迹。通过相关分析和说明,为循环经济发展评价提供生态效率分析这一方案选择。     

Effects of ionic strength and temperature on the aggregation and deposition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The aggregation and deposition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) determines their transport and fate in natural waters.Therefore,the aggregation kinetics of humic-acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(HA-MWCNTs) was investigated by time-resolved dynamic light scattering in NaCl and CaCl_2 electrolyte solutions.Increased ionic strength induced HA-MWCNT aggregation due to the less negative zeta potential and the reduced electrostatic repulsion.The critical coagulation concentration(CCC) values of HA-MWCNTs were 80 mmol/L in NaCl and 1.3 mmol/L in CaCl_2 electrolyte,showing that Ca~(2+) causes more serious aggregation than Na~+.The aggregation behavior of HA-MWCNTs was consistent with Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory.The deposition kinetics of HA-MWCNTs was measured by the optical absorbance at 800 ran.The critical deposition concentrations for HA-MWCNT in NaCl and CaCl_2 solutions were close to the CCC values,therefore the rate of deposition cannot be increased by changing the ionic strength in the diffusion-limited aggregation regime.The deposition process was correlated to the aggregation since larger aggregates increased gravitational deposition and decreased random Brownian diffusion.HA-MWCNTs hydrodynamic diameters were evaluated at 5,15 and 25℃.Higher temperature caused faster aggregation due to the reduced electrostatic repulsion and increased random Brownian motion and collision frequency.HA-MWCNTs aggregate faster at higher temperature in either NaCl or CaCl_2electrolyte due to the decreased electrostatic repulsion and increased random Brownian motion.Our results suggest that CNT aggregation and deposition are two correlated processes governed by the electrolyte,and CNT transport is favored at low ionic strength and low temperature.     

Photochemical production of carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and dimethyl sulfide in a lake water

Photochemical production of carbonyl sulfide(COS),carbon disulfide(CS_2) and dimethyl sulfide(DMS) was intensively studied in the water from the Aohai Lake of Beijing city.The lake water was found to be highly supersaturated with COS,CS_2 and DMS,with their initial concentrations of 0.91 ± 0.073 nmol/L,0.55 ± 0.071 nmol/L and 0.37 ± 0.062 nmol/L,respectively.The evident photochemical production of COS and CS_2 in the lake water under irradiation of 365 nm and 302 nm indicated that photochemical production of them might be the reason for their supersaturation.The similar dependence of wavelength and oxygen for photochemical production of COS,CS_2 and DMS implied that they might be from the same precursors.The water cage effect was found to favor COS production but inhibit CS_2and DMS formation,indicating that COS photochemical production was mainly from direct degradation of the precursors and the formation of CS_2 and DMS needed intermediates via combination of carbon-centered radicals and sulfur-centered radicals.The above assumptions were further confirmed by simulation experiments with addition of carbonyls and amino acids(cysteine and methionine),and the photochemical formation mechanisms for COS,CS_2 and DMS in water were derived from the investigations.     

Responses of greenhouse gas fluxes to experimental warming in wheat season under conventional tillage and no-tillage fields

Understanding the effects of warming on greenhouse gas(GHG, such as N_2O, CH_4 and CO_2 )feedbacks to climate change represents the major environmental issue. However, little information is available on how warming effects on GHG fluxes in farmland of North China Plain(NCP). An infrared warming simulation experiment was used to assess the responses of N_2O, CH_4 and CO_2 to warming in wheat season of 2012–2014 from conventional tillage(CT) and no-tillage(NT) systems. The results showed that warming increased cumulative N_2O emission by 7.7% in CT but decreased it by 9.7% in NT fields(p 0.05). Cumulative CH_4 uptake and CO_2 emission were increased by 28.7%–51.7% and 6.3%–15.9% in both two tillage systems,respectively(p 0.05). The stepwise regressions relationship between GHG fluxes and soil temperature and soil moisture indicated that the supply soil moisture due to irrigation and precipitation would enhance the positive warming effects on GHG fluxes in two wheat seasons.However, in 2013, the long-term drought stress due to infrared warming and less precipitation decreased N_2O and CO_2 emission in warmed treatments. In contrast, warming during this time increased CH_4 emission from deep soil depth. Across two years wheat seasons, warming significantly decreased by 30.3% and 63.9% sustained-flux global warming potential(SGWP) of N_2O and CH_4 expressed as CO_2 equivalent in CT and NT fields, respectively. However, increase in soil CO_2 emission indicated that future warming projection might provide positive feedback between soil C release and global warming in NCP.     

高空飞行的环境影响研究进展

航空运输业的高速发展的同时,环境问题亦不容小觑。民航是我国重要的交通运输方式之一,但我国民航运输业对于高空飞行对环境的影响的研究却很少。航空器巡航阶段属于高空飞行,占整个飞行时间的80%,因飞行距离长,距离地面高,所带来的温室效应具有放大效果,引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。文章概述了高空飞行的危害,认为CO_2排放和凝结尾生成是大气温室效应的直接污染源,进而对国内外典型的高空飞行影响评估模型进行阐述,并分析研究了高空飞行的温室效应防治措施。