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11.
Potential increase in fire hazard as a result of timber harvesting is a concern of forest managers throughout the United States. Treating fuels can help reduce unacceptable fire hazards. To evaluate alternative fuel treatments, managers need to know their effects on fire hazard. A decision analysis approach to estimating fire hazard in terms of expected burned area was applied to a watershed in the Siskiyou National Forest (Oregon). Three treatment alternatives (do nothing and two levels of yarding unmerchantable material) were evaluated, and the effects of the treatments were projected over a 90-yr period. Initially, the effects of applying a treatment are small. After 50 years of treatment, the most intense alternative can be expected to show almost a 50% reduction in burned area compared to no treatment. The procedure also estimates burned are by fire size and fire intensity classes. Managers may find this useful for estimating expected fire effects associated with a particular fuel treatment regime. 相似文献
12.
The purpose of the present research is to collect information about accidents and incidents that have occurred at fuel ethanol facilities from 1998 to October 2014, and to keep complete unified records of them in a database. The developed database contains general information about the accident or incident, its sequence, mitigation measures, its causes and consequences for humans, environment and for the plant. Until now, this information is not available. The work consisted in gathering information from different documental sources and subsequent organization in a database. It complements the previous work made for biodiesel industry and fills the existing gap in the field of ethanol. Knowledge about this information enables us to manage plant risks, since the accidents that are more likely to occur and the main sources of risk can be easily identified. Also, it makes it possible to exchange information with interested third parties. Statistical analysis shows that accident frequency has an oscillatory behavior, rising in the last year. Fire is the most common type of accident, while equipment mechanical failure is the main cause of accident. Partial material loss has been identified as the most common consequence. Finally, some conclusions are obtained concerning to the importance of having an updated and complete accident and incident database. 相似文献
13.
Worldwide energy demand has been growing steadily during the past five decades and most experts believe that this trend will continue to rise. The amount of emitted harmful emission gases increases in parallel with increasing energy consumption. This increase has forced many countries to take various precautions, and various restrictions on emitted emissions have been carried. In this study, effects of addition of oxygen containing nanoparticle additives to biodiesel on fuel properties and effects on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated. Two different nanoparticle additives, namely MgO and SiO2, were added to biodiesel at the addition dosage of 25 and 50 ppm. Fuel properties, engine performance, and exhaust emission characteristics of obtained modified fuels were examined. As a result of this study, engine emission values NOx and CO were decreased and engine performance values slightly increased with the addition of nanoparticle additives. 相似文献
14.
喹啉和吡啶共存条件下的MFC产电特性研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
喹啉和吡啶往往共存于实际废水中,本文通过构双极室MFC,以铁氰化钾为电子受体,对喹啉和吡啶在MFC中的降解以及产电性进行研究.结果表明,MFC的最大输出电压随着葡萄糖浓度的降低而降低,当喹啉和吡啶初始浓度均为500mg·L-1,葡萄糖浓度分别为1000、500、100mg·L-1时,最高输出电压逐渐降低,分别为606、537、354mV;最大体积功率密度为18.4、14.4和6.3W.m-3.当以等浓度500mg·L-1的喹啉和吡啶作混合燃料时,MFC的内阻超过1250Ω,最大体积功率密度为2.9W.m-3.周期结束时,COD的去除率达79%以上,喹啉和吡啶均可以完全去除,喹啉的降解速率明显高于吡啶.MFC可以利用喹啉和吡啶作为混合燃料,这为含喹啉和吡啶共存类实际废水的MFC处理提供了理论依据. 相似文献
15.
微生物燃料电池中产电微生物电子传递研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
微生物燃料电池集产电和污水净化为一体,作为一种新型的能源回收技术得到人们的广泛关注。从微生物燃料电池工作原理来看,电子能否顺利地传递到阳极表面对于电流的产生起着关键作用。因此,本文重点阐述了电子在产电微生物体内产生的途径、电子从微生物体内向阳极传递的不同方式以及阳极材料对产电微生物附着和电子传递的影响。从生物化学、电化学和材料学上对产电微生物体内的电子到阳极整个过程进行全面的综述。明确电子传递的关键环节,为新型高效阳极材料的开发提供思路。 相似文献
16.
B. Mike Wotton 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2009,16(2):107-131
Understanding and being able to predict forest fire occurrence, fire growth and fire intensity are important aspects of forest
fire management. In Canada fire management agencies use the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) to help predict
these elements of forest fire activity. In this paper a review of the CFFDRS is presented with the main focus on understanding
and interpreting Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) System outputs. The need to interpret the outputs of the FWI System with
consideration to regional differences is emphasized and examples are shown of how the relationship between actual fuel moisture
and the FWI System’s moisture codes vary from region to region. Examples are then shown of the relationship between fuel moisture
and fire occurrence for both human- and lightning-caused fire for regions with different forest composition. The relationship
between rate of spread, fuel consumption and the relative fire behaviour indices of the FWI System for different forest types
is also discussed. The outputs of the CFFDRS are used every day across Canada by fire managers in every district, regional
and provincial fire management office. The purpose of this review is to provide modellers with an understanding of this system
and how its outputs can be interpreted. It is hoped that this review will expose statistical modellers and other researchers
to some of the models used currently in forest fire management and encourage further research and development of models useful
for understanding and managing forest fire activity.
相似文献
B. Mike WottonEmail: |
17.
本文对 1994~ 1998年核电燃料元件生产所排放的放射性流出物及环境辐射进行了监测分析。结果表明 ,在正常生产运行情况下 ,放射性流出物对周围公众造成的年最大个人有效剂量当量是 7 2 6× 10 -2 mSv ,远低于公众剂量限值。评价半径为80km范围内的集体有效剂量当量为 4 70× 10 -2 人·Sv/a。 相似文献
18.
钙质煤渣脱硫剂与烟气脱硫的试验研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用锬本身排出的煤渣作硫剂基体核粒,配入少量的石灰,并加水搅拌均匀,使石灰裹覆在煤潭颗粒表面,制成具有较大 的钙质煤渣脱硫剂,并用于烟气脱硫(干法)试验。结果表明:脱硫率最高达85.5% ̄94.6%,脱硫率大于80%的运行时间达2h,脱硫费用约为0.33元/kg(SO2)。 相似文献
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