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排序方式: 共有111条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
We investigate the market equilibrium and welfare effects of a fuel tax in China relative to an alternative policy instrument that rations the number of new automobile sales through auctioned quotas. Unlike those of previous studies, our modeling approach incorporates both household car purchase and utilization decisions, the latter of which have been ignored in previous studies on China's fuel tax. Ignoring this margin of choice will underestimate the fuel tax's ability to mitigate externalities. Using detailed household-level panel data and a fixed effects econometric specification, we estimate the fuel price elasticity of vehicle miles traveled is −0.59 on average. The results of the counterfactual analysis suggest that a 51% increase in tax-inclusive gasoline prices will reduce car sales by 24.9% but increase social welfare to a degree that depends on vehicles' lifetime. We find that compared to auctioned quotas, the fuel tax results in greater car sales but higher social welfare. 相似文献
72.
郭优 《中国特种设备安全》2014,(10):30-32
加强制造过程中对材料的质量控制与监督检验,确保材料选用得当、材料质量过关,是保证压力容器产品质量的前提条件。本文以钢制压力容器为例,结合相关规范、标准,从材料质量证明书、材料标准、熔炼方法、化学分析、材料复验、材料代用等角度阐述了压力容器制造监检过程中的些许案例与经验。 相似文献
73.
Sulc J Stojdl J Richter M Popelka J Svoboda K Smetana J Vacek J Skoblja S Buryan P 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(4):692-700
A pilot scale gasification unit with novel co-current, updraft arrangement in the first stage and counter-current downdraft in the second stage was developed and exploited for studying effects of two stage gasification in comparison with one stage gasification of biomass (wood pellets) on fuel gas composition and attainable gas purity. Significant producer gas parameters (gas composition, heating value, content of tar compounds, content of inorganic gas impurities) were compared for the two stage and the one stage method of the gasification arrangement with only the upward moving bed (co-current updraft). The main novel features of the gasifier conception include grate-less reactor, upward moving bed of biomass particles (e.g. pellets) by means of a screw elevator with changeable rotational speed and gradual expanding diameter of the cylindrical reactor in the part above the upper end of the screw. The gasifier concept and arrangement are considered convenient for thermal power range 100-350 kWth. The second stage of the gasifier served mainly for tar compounds destruction/reforming by increased temperature (around 950 °C) and for gasification reaction of the fuel gas with char. The second stage used additional combustion of the fuel gas by preheated secondary air for attaining higher temperature and faster gasification of the remaining char from the first stage. The measurements of gas composition and tar compound contents confirmed superiority of the two stage gasification system, drastic decrease of aromatic compounds with two and higher number of benzene rings by 1-2 orders. On the other hand the two stage gasification (with overall ER = 0.71) led to substantial reduction of gas heating value (LHV = 3.15 MJ/Nm3), elevation of gas volume and increase of nitrogen content in fuel gas. The increased temperature (>950 °C) at the entrance to the char bed caused also substantial decrease of ammonia content in fuel gas. The char with higher content of ash leaving the second stage presented only few mass% of the inlet biomass stream. 相似文献
74.
Junmei Guo Yuexing Wei Junxing Yang Tongbin Chen Guodi Zheng Tianwei Qian Xiaona Liu Xiaofei Meng Mengke He 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(7):87
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77.
Real-world fuel consumption of light-duty passenger vehicles using on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems
Xuan Zheng Sheng Lu Liuhanzi Yang Min Yan Guangyi Xu Xiaomeng Wu Lixin Fu Ye Wu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):33
78.
燃料燃烧排放系数的确定和估算方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大气污染物的排放量主要与燃料种类及燃烧方式有关。鉴于目前仍未有一套针对不同燃料及不同燃烧方式而设计的燃料燃烧排放系数 ,现以广州市为研究对象 ,采用 5种不同的方法 ,得出一套适用于各种燃料及不同燃烧方式的排放系数 ,使得通过燃料消耗量推算大气污染物排放量更方便、更准确。 相似文献
79.
80.
Kunihiro Fukui Satoshi KidoguchiNaoki Arimitsu Kenji JikiharaTetsuya Yamamoto Hideto Yoshida 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Waste incineration fly ash was successfully recycled to calcium phosphate hydrogel, a type of fast proton conductor. The crystallized hydrogel from incineration fly ash had a lower electric conductivity and a lower crystallinity than that from calcium carbonate reagent. However, the difference in electric conductivity between these crystallized hydrogels decreases with temperature. This was due to the presence of potassium in the incineration fly ash. The fuel cell with a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using the calcium phosphate hydrogel membrane prepared from incineration fly ash was observed to generate electricity. The performance of this fuel cell was almost equal to that of a mixture of K2CO3 and CaCO3 reagents; further, the performance of the former was superior to the fuel cell with a perfluorosulfonic polymer membrane at temperatures greater than approximately 85 °C. 相似文献