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排序方式: 共有111条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
81.
82.
Boya Zhou Liqiang He Shijian Zhang Rui Wang Luowei Zhang Mengliang Li Yu Liu Shaojun Zhang Ye Wu Jiming Hao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):266-276
An increasing divergence regarding fuel consumption(and/or CO2 emissions) between realworld and type-approval values for light-duty gasoline vehicles(LDGVs) has posed severe challenges to mitigating greenhouse gases(GHGs) and achieving carbon emissions peak and neutrality. To address this divergence issue, laboratory test cycles with more real-featured and transient traffic patterns have been developed recently, for example, the China Lightduty Vehicle Test Cycle for Passenger cars(CL... 相似文献
83.
油母页岩干馏煤气脱硫工艺的选择 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
何红梅 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2006,26(2):33-34,42
针对页岩炼油厂生产工艺和二氧化硫的产生量,提出了煤气干法和湿法脱硫工艺,并对这两种工艺在原理和适用性方面进行了对比,认为湿法脱硫更适合于该厂的实际情况,经对湿法脱硫的投资费用进行的估算结果显示,该厂采用湿法脱硫技术将会带来明显的环境效益和社会效益。 相似文献
84.
It has been argued that the body mass levels achieved by birds are determined by the trade-off between risks of starvation
and predation. Birds have also been found to reduce body mass in response to an increased predation risk. During migration,
the need of extra fuel for flights is obvious and crucial. In this study, migratory blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) were subject to an experimental stopover situation where the predation risk was manipulated by exposure to a stuffed predator.
Blackcaps that perceived an imminent risk of predation increased their food intake and fuel deposition rate during the first
period of stopover compared with a control group. The pattern of night activity indicates that birds that were exposed to
the predator also chose to leave earlier than birds in the control group. Since there was no cover present at the stopover
site, birds might have perceived the risk of predation as higher regardless of whether they were foraging or not. Under such
circumstances it has been predicted that birds should increase their foraging activity. The findings in this study clearly
indicate that birds are able to adjust their stopover behaviour to perceived predation risk.
Received: 8 January 1997 / Accepted after revision: 11 April 1997 相似文献
85.
86.
取代苯类有机物拓扑指数与酵母菌毒性的人工神经网络 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以酿酒酵母菌作为指示生物,对78种取代苯类有机物开展了定量构效关系研究。采用人工神经网络(ANN)建模方法,以酵母菌的1g(1/Cmlz)为活性参数,点价自相关拓扑指数(A、B、C和D值)为分子结构参数,建立了取代苯类有机物定量构效关系神经网络模型;从24种点价自相关拓扑指数中在线筛选出A[0]、A[1]、C[3]、C[5]和D[3]等5种主要结构参数作为ANN的输入节点,并讨论了它们对酵母菌毒性的影响。将模型用于23种取代苯类有机物的生物毒性预测,结果满意。建立了Cmlz与LC50之间线性关系良好的相关性数学模型。 相似文献
87.
Himraj Dang 《Environmental management》1993,17(3):283-288
Deforestation and decline in agricultural productivity are major concerns over large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the
principal causes for both these phenomena is the export of woodfuels from rural agroecosystems to urban markets. This process
is noteworthy because of the size of the trade. Wood fuels (fuelwood, charcoal, and agricultural residues) constitute the
most important source of energy in these countries, varying from 60% to 95% of total energy consumption. In terms of the environmental
impact of the fuelwood trade, solutions typically considered are the introduction of improved cookstoves, fuelwood plantations,
and fuel substitution by conventional fuels. This article examines the structure of the fuelwood problem, reviews the successes
and failures of past experiences, and focuses on the potential for fuel substitution as an option to reduce the urban demand
for fuelwood. 相似文献
88.
Several recent papers have documented an effect of fuel prices on new vehicle fuel economy in the United States. This paper estimates the effect of fuel prices on average new vehicle fuel economy for the eight largest European markets. The analysis spans the years 2002–2007 and uses detailed vehicle registration and specification data to control for policies, consumer preferences, and other potentially confounding factors. We find fuel prices to have a statistically significant effect on average new vehicle fuel economy in Europe. The effect estimated for Europe is much smaller than comparable estimates for the United States. 相似文献
89.
Fuel consumption and collection costs of solid waste were evaluated by the aid of a simulation model for a given collection area of a medium-sized Italian city. Using the model it is possible to calculate time, collected waste and fuel consumption for a given waste collection route. Starting from the data for the current waste collection scenario with a Source Segregated (SS) intensity of 25%, all the main model error evaluated was ?1.2. SS intensity scenarios of 25%, 30%, 35% and 52% were simulated. Results showed an increase in the average fuel consumed by the collection vehicles that went from about 3.3 L/tonne for 25% SS intensity to about 3.8 L/tonne for a SS intensity of 52%. Direct collection costs, including crews and vehicle purchase, ranged from about 40 €/tonne to about 70 €/tonne, respectively, for 25% and 52% SS intensity. The increase in fuel consumption and collection costs depends on the density of the waste collected, on the collection vehicle compaction ratio and on the waste collection vehicle utilization factor (WCVUF). In particular a reduction of about 50% of the WCVUF can lead to an average increase of about 80% in fuel consumption and 100% in collection costs. 相似文献
90.
The large number of radio frequency (RF) transmitters employed in modern marine platforms requires that they operate in mutual
coexistence while posing no danger to operators and equipment despite the limited available physical space. A key to the successful
system integration is the control of the electromagnetic environment on the ships’ topsides, which might pose radiation hazards
(RADHAZ) to personnel (HERP). HERP are caused by transmitter antenna installations that generate intentional EM radiation
in excess of the safe levels in zones of personnel activity. Radiation safety to personnel is achieved when the average radiation
power density is below the permissible exposure limits (PEL) for HERP at locations of personnel activity and medical equipment
operation. This paper describes the analysis tools and techniques for the evaluation of HERP on marine platforms. The same
approaches could be employed in the analysis of land site antenna deployment scenarios. 相似文献