乌江下游沿河到彭水段汞含量调查

本文对乌江下游沿河到彭水段河水，底质，鱼肉，岩坡土壤和木本植物叶片中汞的含量分布情况作了较全面的调查，结果表明乌江下游沿河至彭水段河水汞含量为0.035-0.05μg/l，底质派含量为131-369μg/kg,鱼肉汞含量为10.5-17.5μg/kg，岸坡土壤汞含量为53.0-2904μg/kg，岩坡木本植物叶片汞含量为18.7-93.5μg/kg,汞含量序为，岸坡封>底质>鱼肉>岸坡木本植物叶>河水。     

邮局分拣工慢性肌肉骨骼损伤调查研究

对２７５名邮局分拣工的调查发现，其慢性肌肉骨骼损伤主要涉及手、腕、臂、肩、上背及下背，与对照人群比较，Ｐ〈０．０５，差别显著。另外腱鞘囊肿的检出率达４．７３％ ，明显高于对照人群     

Establishment of Markov successional model and its application for forest restoration reference in Southern China

Forest succession is the base of establishing restoration reference which plays an important role in forest restoration and restoration estimation. The study presented the establishment of a Markov successional model (MSM) and its application to restoration reference in lower subtropical forest in China. The compositions of successional system in MSM were divided into three species types: pioneering pine trees, heliophytic trees and mesophytic trees. The successional system was divided into three subsystems: early successional stage, mid-successional stage and late-successional stage. Based on the site survey on the changes in the species and their individuals in 25 years, the transition matrices in various subsystems were determined. The predicted results were used to establish the restoration reference of the vegetation restoration in lower subtropical China. According to the ecological restoration reference established in this study, it would take 150 years for the forest to change from pioneer to mature communities in the region. Successional change of tree composition was forecast by the model, and the scenario forecast by the model reflects the actual conditions observed through 52 years of long-term permanent site research. The restoration experience in the region matches the forecast results. The application of a restoration reference model indicates that forest restoration can be accelerated by taking measures which change forest structure. The above results imply that a restoration reference established on the rule of regional forest succession could be very useful not only in directing, but also in assessing and managing regional forest restoration. Previously, one “ideal reference ecosystem” was used as a restoration reference in all correlative studies. In this study, the restoration “process” was used as the restoration reference.     

长江中下游地区水土资源可持续利用与管理研究

本文分析了长江中下游地区水土资源概况，指出了耕地减少，质量下降，水土流失，水灾频繁，土壤和水域污染等将是该地区水土资源可持续利用的最大障碍；结合后备资源潜力，现有耕地再发挥潜力，坡耕地改造潜力和种植制度改革，分析了提高复种指数的潜力途径，并提出相应的水土资源可持续利用与管理对策。     

山东黄河下游流域土壤碳储量及时空变化研究

全球气候变暖及其影响是当前人类面临的重大环境问题之一,大气CO2浓度的剧增为人类生活带来的诸多环境问题越来越严重。土壤有机碳是陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分,它的微小变化直接影响大气温室气体的浓度。本文利用2003~2010年多目标区域地球化学调查及20世纪80年代全省第二次土壤普查碳数据,对山东省黄河下游流域土壤碳密度、碳储量及时空变化规律和固碳潜力与机制进行了研究,结果表明,1.0 m土层有机碳库约占我国SOCP的3.28%;表现出"碳汇";水稻土碳密度最高、砂姜黑土次之,滨海盐土最低;研究区0~1.0 m土层固碳潜力为1.02×109t,相当于可减少大气中0.081%CO2浓度。通过相关性分析表明,在土壤中增施有机肥和N、P、K肥,以及施用Zn等矿质肥料可有效提高土壤中的有机碳量,提升土壤固碳能力,而含Cl量过高是滨海土壤固碳的破坏性因素。本研究为缓解大气CO2浓度的剧增的环境压力,发挥和提高我国土壤生态系统的固碳潜力提供了科学依据。     

New carnivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of NW Patagonia and the evolution of abelisaurid theropods

A nearly complete skeleton of the new abelisaurid Skorpiovenator bustingorryi is reported here. The holotype was found in Late Cenomanian–Early Turonian outcrops of NW Patagonia, Argentina. This new taxon is deeply nested within a new clade of South American abelisaurids, named Brachyrostra. Within brachyrostrans, the skull shortening and hyperossification of the skull roof appear to be correlated with a progressive enclosure of the orbit, a set of features possibly related to shock-absorbing capabilities. Moreover, the development of horn-like structures and differential cranial thickening appear to be convergently acquired within Abelisauridae. Based on the similarities between Skorpiovenator and carcharodontosaurid tooth morphology, we suggest that isolated teeth originally referred as post-Cenomanian Carcharodontosauridae most probably belong to abelisaurids. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China and its implications for pterosaur phylogeny and evolution

Toothless pterosaurs played a key role in broadening the taxonomic, morphological and ecological diversity of Cretaceous pterosaurs. Here we report a complete, articulated skeleton of a 1.4-m-wingspan pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Liaoning Province, China which is identified as a new genus and species, Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is edentulous, with a relatively large skull and a remarkably large, tall nasoantorbital fenestra that extends well above the main part of the braincase. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Shenzhoupterus gen. nov. belongs in a distinct clade of azhdarchoid pterosaurs, formally recognised here as a new family, Chaoyangopteridae, that also includes Chaoyangopterus, Jidapterus and Eoazhdarcho from the Jiufotang Formation and Eopteranodon from the Yixian Formation. These new data clarify recent confusion surrounding the systematics of these Lower Cretaceous taxa and provide new insights into the evolutionary history of pterosaurs.     

Earliest zygodactyl bird feet: evidence from Early Cretaceous roadrunner-like tracks

Fossil footprints are important in understanding Cretaceous avian diversity because they constitute evidence of paleodiversity and paleoecology that is not always apparent from skeletal remains. Early Cretaceous bird tracks have demonstrated the existence of wading birds in East Asia, but some pedal morphotypes, such as zygodactyly, common in modern and earlier Cenozoic birds (Neornithes) were unknown in the Cretaceous. We, herein, discuss the implications of a recently reported, Early Cretaceous (120–110 million years old) trackway of a large, zygodactyl bird from China that predates skeletal evidence of this foot morphology by at least 50 million years and includes the only known fossil zygodactyl footprints. The tracks demonstrate the existence of a Cretaceous bird not currently represented in the body fossil record that occupied a roadrunner (Geococcyx)-like niche, indicating a previously unknown degree of Cretaceous avian morphological and behavioral diversity that presaged later Cenozoic patterns. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

黄河下游断流研究进展

介绍了黄河下游断流的发生特点、断流成因及断流对三角洲人民生产生活及对生态环境的影响三个方面的研究成果和进展。这些研究表明:黄河下游断流是自然与人为因素叠加所致,但主要影响因素为人类活动,而气候变化、源区生态环境恶化也是导致黄河径流减少的重要因子,但由气候变化引起的黄河径流量改变的百分比还未确定;黄河下游断流对河口海域生态系统、三角洲演变、工农业生产及城乡人民生活等方面都会产生影响,严重断流时会导致三角洲土地利用格局发生变化,并产生一系列生态问题。今后一段时间,要研究保障区域生态安全的生态用水量,合理利用黄河水量的丰枯周期,从根本上解决黄河下游的断流问题。