New material of the enigmatic reptile Khurendukhosaurus (Diapsida: Choristodera) from Mongolia

New material of the enigmatic diapsid Khurendukhosaurus is described from the Mongolian type locality, Khuren Dukh, providing additional data on the vertebral column, pelvis, and hind limb. It confirms the choristoderan status of the genus and permits a more detailed phylogenetic analysis that supports a relationship between Khurendukhosaurus and the long-necked Asian Hyphalosauridae. The existence of tall caudal neural spines implies that Khurendukhosaurus was a deep-tailed swimmer. This and the open sacral costocentral sutures suggest a primarily aquatic lifestyle. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Institutional abbreviations  MNHN BL, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MPC, Mongolian Paleontological Center; PIN, Paleontologicheski Institut, Akademii Nauk, Moscow; HMNS, Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences, Okayama, Japan.     

长江下游典型硫铁矿集采区矿山地质环境现状分析

文章在对长江下游铜陵硫铁矿集中开采区矿山地质环境系统调查的基础上,分析阐述了主要矿山地质环境问题及其成因、分布特征,其中地面塌陷、含水层破坏和水土污染较为严重;结合矿山地质环境现状、保护治理政策及成效,分析预测了矿山地质环境问题的发展趋势,为矿山地质环境恢复治理提供了基础支撑作用。     

Effect of initial pressure on the lower explosion limit of nicotinic acid/acetone mixture

In the work presented in this paper, the effect of initial pressure on the lower explosion limit (LEL) of the hybrid nicotinic acid/acetone mixture was investigated through standard explosion tests carried out in the 20 L sphere. From experimental results, the flammability diagram was built in the plane (concentration/minimum explosive concentration) of nicotinic acid versus (concentration/LEL) of acetone. Interestingly, it has been found that, in going from low pressures (P < 1 atm) to high pressures (P > 1 atm), the extension of the flammability region increases. This behavior has been attributed to the fact that the turbulence kinetic energy (and thus the energy dissipation) decreases with increasing initial pressure. Bartknecht's correlation for LEL of hybrid mixtures was modified to take into account the effect of pressure, and two correlations were obtained able to give satisfactory predictions of experimental data at both low pressures and high pressures.     

Triazine and Metolachlor Herbicide Residues in Farm Areas of the Lower Fraser Valley,British Columbia,Canada

Crop soils, ditch sediments and water flowing from several Lower Fraser River (LFR) farm areas of British Columbia, Canada, to salmon tributary streams of that river were sampled in 2004–2005 to quantify for residues of triazine [atrazine, desethylatrazine (a transformation product of atrazine), propazine, and simazine] and metolachlor (a chloroacetamide) herbicides. Average concentrations [μg kg^?1 dry weight (d.w.)] of triazine (10,110) and metolachlor (8,910) herbicides detected in crop soils at the start (May 2004, 2005) of the growing season were about 17 and 6 times, respectively, higher than those found for both herbicide groups during (June–Sept, 2004, 2005) the growing season. In contrast, mean concentrations (μg L^?1) of triazines (0.092) and metolachlor (0.014) in permanent ditches adjacent to farms were about 7 and 28 times, respectively, lower at the start than during the growing season. Both herbicide groups in ditch sediments were detected only during the growing season at concentrations averaging about 315 μg kg^?1 d.w. The risk potential of these herbicides for non-target aquatic organisms inhabiting permanent farm ditches contiguous to tributary streams of the LFR during the growing season is evaluated and discussed.     

臭氧-催化技术治理低浓度气体污染物

在对臭氧－催化技术及其发展现状评述的基础上,分别考察了铂－钯催化剂（Pt-Pd/Al2O3）对DMMP、CH4、C6H6、F22、CO催化氧化和臭氧催化 氧化的反应性能。结果表明,催化作用和臭氧催化氧化作用所要求的反应温度范围相近并低于250℃,才能很好地协同作用。臭氧－催化技术竽起燃温度低、易氧化气体污染物的处理。     

Phosphorus fractions and adsorption characteristics of floodplain sediments in the lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, China

The phosphorus fractions and adsorption characteristics of seven floodplain sediment samples collected in the lower reaches of China’s Hanjiang River were studied. Most phosphorus fractions showed a marked downstream increase in response to point-source inputs from urban areas. Total phosphorus (TP) contents in the sediments ranged from 603.68 to 945.25 mg.kg⁻¹. Inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the major component of TP, and calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca–P) was the major fraction of IP. The distribution characteristics of the phosphorus contents were affected by sediment grain size and hydrodynamic conditions. The maximum phosphorus adsorption capacities (Q _max) and the half-saturation concentration (k) were obtained using an improved Langmuir model. Native adsorbed exchangeable phosphorus content (w _NAP) and the zero-equilibrium phosphorus concentration value (c _EPC0) were subsequently calculated. The effects of sediment grain size, temperature, and disturbance on the phosphorus adsorption isotherms were also studied. The results showed that phosphorus adsorption on floodplain sediments was primarily chemisorption; the particle concentration effect played a more important role at a disturbance intensity of 150 r.min⁻¹ (on a shaker table) than at 100 r.min⁻¹.     

下辽河平原多熟种植农业生态模式知识库研建

本文以下辽河平原为背景,应用专家系统开发工具建立了多熟种植农业生态模式知识库,提出了建立该专家系统知识库的步骤：包括知识获取、知识表达、编码及证实。该专家系统知识库的建立能将有关多熟种植领域的专门知识和领域专家的经验以可接受的方式传递给农业决策者,从而提高农业决策的自动化和科学化。     

塔里木河下游生态输水对植被和地下水位的影响

由于近50a来人类不合理的资源开发,造成塔里木河下游的生态环境问题日趋严峻.为拯救下游绿色走廊和改善下游环境,于2000年7月始,实施了塔里木河下游应急生态输水工程,水流到达台特玛湖本文根据2a来在塔里木河下游的监测结果,通过对下游天然植被的一些生态指标的变化和输水后地下水位变化等资料进行对比分析,发现随着输水工程的进行,距输水河道一定范围内地下水位升高明显.相应地,下游植被的生态响应也很显著,沿河岸许多种草本植被又重新出现,而一些耐旱乔、灌木随着生境的改变,长势也出现明显好转,主要表现在植被盖度、植物多样性指数和丰富度指数的提高以及胡杨冠幅的加大.同时,研究结果表明,截止2002年9月,在塔里木河下游中段,生态输水对地下水影响范围为800m,天然植被恢复的范围为700m.由于环境条件的差异,在不同区段的影响范围不一样,总体上表现为由上而下逐步递减的趋势.     

Influences of coal dust components on the explosibility of hybrid mixtures of methane and coal dust

In order to study the influences of coal dust components on the explosibility of hybrid mixture of methane and coal dust, four kinds of coal dust with different components were selected in this study. Using the standard 20 L sphere, the maximum explosion pressure, explosion index and lower explosion limits of methane/coal dust mixtures were measured. The results show that the addition of methane to different kinds of coal dust can all clearly increase their maximum explosion pressure and explosion index and decrease their minimum explosion concentration. However, the increase in the maximum explosion pressure and explosion index is more significant for coal dust with lower volatile content, while the decrease in the minimum explosion concentration is more significant for coal dust with higher volatile content. It is concluded that the influence of methane on the explosion severity is more pronounced for coal dust with lower volatile content, but on ignition sensitivity it is more pronounced for coal dust with higher volatile content. Bartknecht model for predicting the lower explosion limits of methane/coal dust mixture has better applicability than Le Chatelier model and Jiang model. Especially, it is more suitable for hybrid mixtures of methane and high volatile coal dust.     

A correlation of the lower flammability limit for hybrid mixtures

Hybrid mixtures are widely encountered in industries such as coal mines, paint factories, pharmaceutical industries, or grain elevators. Hybrid mixtures explosions involving dust and gas can cause great loss of lives and properties. The lower flammability limit (LFL) is a critical parameter when conducting a hazard assessment or developing mitigation methods for processes involving hybrid mixtures. Unlike unitary dust or gas explosions, which have been widely studied in past decades, only minimal research focuses on hybrid mixtures, and data concerning hybrid mixtures can rarely be found. Although methods to predict the LFL have been developed by using either Le Chatelier's Law, which was initially proposed for homogeneous gas mixtures, or the Bartknecht curve, which was adopted for only certain hybrid mixtures, significant deviations still remain. A more accurate correlation to predict an LFL for a hybrid mixtures explosion is necessary for risk assessment. This work focuses on the study of hybrid mixtures explosions in a 36 L dust explosion apparatus including mixtures of methane/niacin, methane/cornstarch, ethane/niacin and ethylene/niacin in air. By utilizing basic characteristics of unitary dust or gas explosions, a new formula is proposed to improve the prediction of the LFL of the mixture. The new formula is consistent with Le Chatelier's Law.