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81.
Mohammad Muhshin Aziz Khan Zaheed Ibne Halim Mohammad Iqbal 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):327-341
Case-study research was carried out with a view to find the attributes of occupational injury among workers in the chemical industry and to enhance safety issues. Injury data were collected and processed in terms of different variables, such as age, gender, skills, type of hazard, etc. Pareto analysis was then applied to find a pattern of occupational injury among the workers. The study revealed that 79.52% of the injured workers were in the 40–59 age group; 57.14% of accidents occurred during the 1st shift; 73.26% of accidents caused injury to hands, feet, chest to thigh, arms and eyes; and 70.93% of injuries were caused by pumps, carrying and lifting, vehicles, pipelines, valves, and grinding. Surprisingly, no one was injured in the group of temporary workers. The paper also provides specific suggestions followed by some action plans. 相似文献
82.
Darko Palačić 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):205-213
This article contains the results of research into the impact of implementation of the requirements mentioned in Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 to reduce the number of injuries at work and the financial costs incurred in this way. The study was conducted on a determined sample by a written questionnaire survey method in the Republic of Croatia. The objective of the empirical research is to determine the impact of implementation of the requirements of Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 to reduce the number of injuries at work and financial costs in Croatia in business organizations that implement these requirements. To provide a broader picture, the research included the collection and analysis of data on the impact of the Standard No. OHSAS 18001:2007 on accidents and fatalities at work. Research findings are based on the analysis of performed statistical data where correlation and regression analysis has been applied. 相似文献
83.
The clinical presentation of cervical and basilar skull fractures following bead impact is often complex, particularly when multiple noncontiguous fractures are present. Based on the results of 22 human cadaver head-neck impact experiments, a biomechanical framework of spinal injury is developed in which these complex cases may be better understood. This includes the significance of head rebound, head and neck decoupling, cervical spine buckling, cervical injury mechanisms, basilar skull fractures, and cervical spine tolerance. These data also demonstrate that compliant pads significantly increase the risk for spinal injury though they also significantly reduce peak head force and the head injury criteria (p < 0.04). On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that impact injury should be modeled as the dynamic response of two large masses, coupled by a segmented curved beam-column composed of seven small masses with interposed nonlinear viscoelastic flexibility elements. 相似文献
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为全面准确地掌握人机交互作业过程中人与机器人在安全性方面的研究进展,把提高机器人安全性的策略归纳为3种方法,分别称为事前预防主动控制、关节柔顺设计和用黏弹性材料包裹连杆,阐述了每种方法评价机器人安全性的主要性能指标。通过对比各种实现方法的设计思想和结构组成方案,总结出各种方法的优缺点和存在的主要问题。事前控制的关键在于信息的全面性和控制的实时性;事后控制方法的主要问题则只能在一定程度上减缓撞击的伤害程度,而无法从根本上保证人的安全性。结果表明,到目前为止仅靠单一手段和方法还不能彻底解决机器人安全性问题,要多种手段相结合,高度重视影响安全性的主客观因素,把提高机器人安全性的理念贯穿于机器人设计的各个环节。 相似文献
86.
Problem: Pedestrian injury is a major hazard to the health of children in most developed countries, including Australia. In a previous study it was found that parental road risk perception is a significant factor associated with their modeling of safe behavior as pedestrians. This study aimed to investigate factors that affect parental road risk perception. Method: This cross-sectional population-based randomized telephone survey aimed to study factors associated with risk perception on pedestrian road safety among parents with young children aged 4–12 years. Results: Five factors were found to be significantly associated with parental risk perception. They included age of child, sex of parent, employment of parent, living environment, and previous injury experience. The results suggested that the age of the child contributed greatest to the variance explained by the regression model. However, other factors remained significant even after adjusting for each other. Discussion: Results were discussed in light of the design and development of childhood pedestrian road safety campaigns. Impact on industry: Parental risk perceptions determine their safe road modeling behavior. In this study, significant factors that affect parental road risk perception have been identified. The information obtained can be used in the design of road safety programs that aim at changing the road risk perception of parents. 相似文献
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IntroductionDespite progress, injury remains the leading cause of preventable death for American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), aged 1 to 44. There are few publications on injuries among the AI/AN population, especially those on traumatic brain injury (TBI). A TBI can cause short- or long-term changes in cognition, communication, and/or emotion. Methods: To describe changes over time in TBI incidence by mechanism of injury, injury intent, and age group among AI/ANs, the CDC analyzed hospitalization and death data from the 2008–2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), respectively. Results: From 2008-2014, the incidence of TBI-related hospitalizations increased by 32% (1,477 in 2008 to 1,945 in 2014) and resulted in a 21% increase in age-adjusted rates of people hospitalized with TBI. TBI-related deaths increased in number (569 in 2008 to 644 in 2014) and age-adjusted rate (22.7 in 2008 to 25.4 in 2014) by approximately 13% and 12%, respectively. Motor-vehicle crashes were the leading cause of TBI-related deaths among AI/ANs aged 0–54 years. Practical application: Prevention efforts should focus on increasing motor-vehicle safety and advancing prevention strategies for other leading causes of TBI, including: falls, intentional self-harm, and assaults. 相似文献
90.
汽车尾气对动物的生物学效应研究 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8
采用动物气管内注入粒物与吸入不同稀释度的汽车尾气等染毒方法,研究其生物效应。结果显示,动物受试后,大鼠肺灌洗液乳酸脱氢酶活性增加,酸性磷酸酶,碱性磷酸酶性和白蛋白含量明显升高,肺巨噬细胞减少,而大鼠血液中COHb显著增加,小鼠骨髓细胞微核率在中浓度组亦显著增加,3者增呈现良好的测量一反应关系。试验说明,汽车尾气气体部分和颗粒物的毒性作用高于柴油车。 相似文献