盐泥吸附剂对直接染料的平衡吸附行为和热力学性质研究

以染料废水处理用盐泥吸附剂的开发为目的,在静态吸附条件下,研究了含镁盐泥对直接大红、直接深蓝和直接黑3种直接染料的吸附行为,并对吸附过程的热力学进行了分析。结果表明,吸附平衡数据都能够较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,但Langmuir方程能够更好地描述吸附等温线。在25～30℃范围内,3种直接染料在盐泥上的吸附是一个吸热过程,同时伴随着熵值的增加,反应的吉布斯自由能变小。吸附是物理和化学吸附并存的吸附过程,主要推动力为化学键力（化学吸附）,同时可能存在范德华力（物理吸附）,吸附焓变在74120～87332 kJ/mol之间。     

二甲基亚硝胺在水处理过程中的降解技术研究进展

二甲基亚硝胺（NDMA）是强致癌物质亚硝胺中的一种,由于其近年来在水环境中的高检出率引起了人们的广泛关注。由于NDMA特殊的物化性质,对该物质的去除有相当的难度。本文简要介绍了NDMA的形成机理,阐述了NDMA的各种降解技术,并展望了今后的研究方向。     

油田废水排放标准适应性研究与探索

文章对油田外排废水中的石油类、COD_(Cr)等第二类污染物的排放标准进行分区、分级划定的研究,同时选择对西部干旱区生态环境有重要影响作用的总盐指标排放标准进行分区分级研究,为新疆油田公司实施"分区保护、分级防治、分类管理"提供科学依据。研究成果在石西油田、六九区大沙河排放口等地进行试点应用,为最终实现油田环境保护与经济发展双赢提供有益的借鉴。     

盐雾交变试验设备的正确使用方法

本文通过对盐雾交变试验设备湿度测量方法的分析,提出正确使用方法的建议     

水溶开采岩盐矿环境影响评价重点与污染防治措施探讨

随着科技进步和经济发展,地下卤水和岩盐矿床逐步得到开发利用,该类矿床开采引起的环境影响日益受到关注。本文在分析水溶开采岩盐矿钻探工艺和采输工程基础上,重点分析了岩盐矿水溶开采项目环境影响评价中的污染源及源强,着重阐述了重点污染源的环境影响。并针对特征环境影响因素提出了指导性的环境防护措施。     

生物有机肥料对温室蔬菜硝酸盐和土壤盐分累积的影响

探讨了 3种有机肥料对温室苋菜、芹菜硝酸盐和土壤盐分累积的影响。结果表明 :施用有机肥可显著降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量。用 3种有机肥料处理栽培的芹菜NO3- 含量平均值为 2 133mg/kg ,比用蔬菜专用肥 (对照 )的低 1617mg/kg ,其中施用大三元生物有机肥的芹菜NO3- 值最低 ,为 180 3mg/kg,比对照低 1947mg/kg。施用大三元生物有机肥的土壤盐分 (EC)含量也最低 ,0～ 10cm耕层的盐分为 0 0 79S/m ,比对照低 0 0 2 4S/m ;10～ 2 0cm耕层的盐分为 0 0 5 5S/m ,比对照低 0 0 10S/m。     

泌盐盐生植物研究进展

根据盐生植物的抗盐生理机制及其形态结构和生态学特征 ,可将盐生植物区分为真盐生植物 (ｅｕｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｅ)、泌盐盐生植物 (ｒｅｃｒｅｔｏｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｅ)和假盐生植物 (ｐｓｅｕｄｏｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｅ)三种类型[1 ] ,每一种类型都有其独特的形态结构、生理功能和生态特征 .泌盐盐生植物体中具有特殊的泌盐结构———盐腺或盐囊泡 ,可将植物体内过多的盐分排到体外 ,故能很好地适应盐渍生境 ,在多种盐渍生境中皆能生存 ,如盐湖、盐漠、盐渍草甸、盐沼等 .中国地域广阔 ,存在各种盐生植物生境 ,但是 ,由于我国专门从事研究盐生…     

Sources,distribution, and decomposition stages of sedimentary organic matter in estuaries and its adjacent areas

Lignin-derived phenols, C/N ratios and ratios of refractory to total organic matter were used to study the sources, distribution, and diagenesis of sedimentary organic matter along estuary, river bank, and salt marsh systems. The Changjiang Estuary showed a higher signal of terrestrial organic matter at the river mouth which decreased farther offshore. The locations along the Qiantang River were affected by their adjacent surroundings, and the Andong salt marsh showed higher terrestrial organic matter signal at the upper marsh compared to the lower marsh. All studied areas showed slight increases in organic matter decomposition farther downstream and towards the sea. Study of these three different systems will improve our understanding on their ecotoxicological impact. The Changjiang Estuary had higher pollutant levels near the river mouth, which decreased farther offshore due to dilution. The midstream Qiantang River was most likely affected by pollution from their adjacent surroundings. Pollutants were likely to be accumulated in the Andong salt marsh due to the presence of marsh plants and small-sized particles. Organic pollutants were likely to be decomposed during transport along the systems. The ability of the sediments to release inorganic pollutants was determined by whether these systems were oxic or anoxic.     

Sorption and desorption of glyphosate,MCPA and tetracycline and their mixtures in soil as influenced by phosphate

Phosphate fertilizers and herbicides such as glyphosate and MCPA are commonly applied to agricultural land, and antibiotics such as tetracycline have been detected in soils following the application of livestock manures and biosolids to agricultural land. Utilizing a range of batch equilibrium experiments, this research examined the competitive sorption interactions of these chemicals in soil. Soil samples (0-15 cm) collected from long-term experimental plots contained Olsen P concentrations in the typical (13 to 20 mg kg^?1) and elevated (81 to 99 mg kg^?1) range of build-up phosphate in agricultural soils. The elevated Olsen P concentrations in field soils significantly reduced glyphosate sorption up to 50%, but had no significant impact on MCPA and tetracycline sorption. Fresh phosphate additions in the laboratory, introduced to soil prior to, or at the same time with the other chemical applications, had a greater impact on reducing glyphosate sorption (up to 45%) than on reducing tetracycline (up to 13%) and MCPA (up to 8%) sorption. The impact of fresh phosphate additions on the desorption of these three chemicals was also statistically significant, but numerically very small namely < 1% for glyphosate and tetracycline and 3% for MCPA. The presence of MCPA significantly reduced sorption and increased desorption of glyphosate, but only when MCPA was present at concentrations much greater than environmentally relevant and there was no phosphate added to the MCPA solution. Tetracycline addition had no significant effect on glyphosate sorption and desorption in soil. For the four chemicals studied, we conclude that when mixtures of phosphate, herbicides and antibiotics are present in soil, the greatest influence of their competitive interactions is phosphate decreasing glyphosate sorption and the presence of phosphate in solution lessens the potential impact of MCPA on glyphosate sorption. The presence of chemical mixtures in soil solution has an overall greater impact on the sorption than desorption of individual organic chemicals in soil.     

超声吹脱-次氯酸钠氧化工艺处理酮连氮法制肼废水

采用超声吹脱-次氯酸钠氧化工艺处理酮连氮法制肼废水,优化了工艺条件,并进行了尾水处理与盐分回收。实验结果表明:在超声声能密度0.08 W/mL、吹脱气量2 000 L/h、次氯酸钠溶液(有效氯10%)投加量15mL/L、反应时间20 min的最优条件下,COD、氨氮和肼类物质去除率分别达到96.97%、99.02%和96.60%,处理成本约为30元/t(以废水计);尾水经蒸馏处理后可满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级B标准,回收NaCl纯度为98.92%,达到GB/T 5462—2015《工业盐》的精制工业盐一级标准。