秸秆黑碳的制备及吸附特性

基于前期实验确定在氮气保护3种温度(550、650和750℃)制备秸秆黑碳,并用XRD、SEM对其结构、形貌进行了表征,研究它对吡唑酮废水中铵盐吸附去除效果.结果表明,650℃秸秆黑碳改变了晶体的有序度和结晶度,断面微孔道分布疏松均匀规则,具有较大的比表面积,而且有一定数量的纳米级黑碳颗粒;它的吸附特性优于750℃和550℃的秸秆黑碳,吸附率最高为95.31％;650℃秸秆黑碳最佳吸附工艺:吸附温度和饱和时间分别为35℃和4h,吸附振荡频率为100r/min.秸秆黑碳的吸附速率快、适用条件宽是处理铵盐废水的良好材料.     

纳滤处理炼化污水反渗透浓水

分别采用4种纳滤膜处理某炼化公司的反渗透浓水。在初始COD为57.8 mg/L、TOC为23.94 mg/L、ρ(Ca2+)为289.0 mg/L、ρ(Mg2+)为54.6 mg/L、ρ(SO42-)为327.7 mg/L、ρ(Cl-)为1 106.8 mg/L的条件下,经纳滤处理后COD去除率达60%以上,污水COD降至30 mg/L以下,TOC去除率为31.9%~85.5%,阳离子的去除率为33.9%~97.0%,SO42-的去除率为63.3%~97.6%,Cl-的去除率较低。膜A的膜孔分布密集,具有很高的通量,对有机物和无机盐的截留效果较差;膜B和膜C对有机物和二价离子的截留效果较好;膜D的膜孔分布稀松,膜通量最低,对有机物和无机盐的截留能力均较强,但随出水体积的增加,对无机盐的截留能力下降较为明显。4种纳滤膜的性能各异,可满足不同企业的需求,具有良好的应用前景。     

Adsorption and characterization of MCPA on DDTMA- and raw-montmorillonite: Surface sites involved

The 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acid (MCPA) is an herbicide widely used in agriculture, which generates a great concern about contamination of surface water and serious consequences for human health and the environment. In this work, the adsorption of MCPA on an Argentine montmorillonite (MMT) and its organo-montmorillonite product (OMMT) with different dodecyl trimethyl ammonium loading was investigated. MCPA adsorption on OMMT increases at least 3 times, with respect to the amount determined for MMT. X-ray diffraction and zeta potential analyses indicated the inner (interlayer) and outer surface participate as adsorption sites. Changes in surface electric charge and also interlayer expansion suggest that dimethyl amine (MCPA counterion) was also surface-adsorbed. The larger aggregates of OMMT, without and with MCPA, obtained compared to those of MMT samples, generate an improvement in the coagulation efficiency. This property, particularly after MCPA retention, allows an easier separation of the solids from the solution and enables a simple technological process application.     

离子膜烧碱中盐泥的危害分析及控制对策

通过对离子膜烧碱企业盐泥的组分及浸出毒性进行分析,可判断盐泥不属于危险废物,其环境管理的重点在减量化和综合利用2个方面。目前中国盐泥主要的处置方式以堆存或填埋为主,大多数综合利用途径尚无法实现工业化,部分途径存在一定的环境风险。为消除盐泥带来的环境风险,从源头控制和工艺过程控制等方面提出了盐泥管理对策。     

中空纤维膜超滤聚丙烯酸钠溶液

研究聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）溶液的超滤行为,考察各操作参数对膜通量（J）和截留系数（R）的影响,结果表明,J随运行时间延长衰减不明显,随压差增大呈线性递增,随温度升高而增大,pH高于5时J基本不变;R随压差增大或温度升高均下降,随pH增大而增大。建立膜阻力（rf）模型,研究影响rf的主要因素,发现,rf随压差增大而增大,随温度升高而减少,pH低于5时rf随pH增大而迅速下降。研究PAAS溶液浓缩过程,当体积浓缩因子为16时,J衰减明显,截留液PAAS浓度（Cr）呈线性递增,渗透液PAAS浓度（Cp）在较长时期内基本不变,至浓缩后期,Cp轻微下降。以去离子水对浓缩液予以洗涤,随着洗涤液体积增大,Cr轻微下降,Cp逐渐趋于零。     

氧化电解法处理工业含硫恶臭气体的研究

利用铁盐溶液,通过气体超微细分散式吸收反应器和电化学再生系统结合的反应器,对中高浓度含硫恶臭气体进行吸收及电化学再生过程进行了初步研究.结果表明:当反应液位高度为55 cm、温度为20 ℃和H+浓度小于1.5 mol/L时,进气浓度小于1 000 mg/m3时,含硫恶臭气体处理效率可到达96%以上.当液位高度为55 c...     

Assessing the toxicity of sodium chloride to the glochidia of freshwater mussels: implications for salinization of surface waters

Chloride concentrations in surface waters have increased significantly, a rise attributed to road salt use. In Canada, this may be a concern for endangered freshwater mussels, many with ranges limited to southern Ontario, Canada’s most road-dense region. The acute toxicity of NaCl was determined for glochidia, the mussel’s larval stage. The 24 h EC50s of four (including two Canadian endangered) species ranged from 113-1430 mg Cl L⁻¹ (reconstituted water, 100 mg CaCO₃ L⁻¹). To determine how mussels would respond to a chloride pulse, natural river water (hardness 278-322 mg CaCO₃ L⁻¹) was augmented with salt. Lampsilis fasciola glochidia were significantly less sensitive to salt in natural water (EC50s 1265-1559 mg Cl L⁻¹) than in reconstituted water (EC50 285 mg L⁻¹). Chloride data from mussel habitats revealed chloride reaches levels acutely toxic to glochidia (1300 mg L⁻¹). The increased salinization of freshwater could negatively impact freshwater mussels, including numerous species at risk.     

季铵盐改性黏土对铜绿微囊藻的去除研究

考查了不同结构季铵盐表面活性剂改性蒙脱上对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的去除作用.结果表明,不同链长季铵盐改性蒙脱土的除藻效果不同,季铵盐取代基基对改性蒙脱土除藻效果有较显著影响.疏水链为十四烷基时,除藻效果最好.碳链长度相同时,苄基或吡啶环的引入有助于提高蒙脱土的除擦效率、十四烷基二甲基...     

Variation of salts and available nutrients in salt-affected soil during leaching process under the influence of organic ameliorators

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the potential influence of three organic ameliorators (peat, biochar and leonardite) on salts and nutrients in salt-affected soils during intermittent leaching. Results showed that nearly 90% of salt was removed from columns in the leaching process and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the soil after leaching was reduced by 67.3% (control, CK), 62.9% (peat), 70.1% (biochar) and 55.0% (leonardite). Total N loss declined by 26.2% (peat), 11.7% (biochar) and 55.5% (leonardite) compared with CK in the process of leaching. The maintaining N (NH₄⁺ and NO₃^?) of soil after leaching was 8.25, 7.31, 11.31 and 14.48?mg/kg for CK, peat, biochar and leonardite treatments. Final P loss was 0.47, 0.31, 0.54, 0.27?mg/column in leaching for CK, peat, biochar and leonardite treatments. Soluble P of soil after leaching was measured as 6.95 (CK), 5.62 (peat), 8.52 (biochar) and 3.33 (leonardite) mg/kg. Leaching could remove the salt effectively but with nutrient loss in the process. The findings of this study suggest that organic ameliorators (biochar, peat or leonardite) play an important role in retaining nutrients during leaching as well as supplying nutrients after leaching to offer practical assistance for the amendment of salt-affected soil in the Yellow River Delta.     

控制星湖内源性营养物质磷负荷的有效性研究

本文研究了天然沸石与石灰,铝盐,铁盐对湖水－沉积物系统中的湖水脱磷的可能性,以期在对星湖内源性营养物质磷负荷的控制方面提供科学依据。