Molecular characterization of effluent organic matter in secondary effluent and reclaimed water: Comparison to natural organic matter in source water

Municipal wastewater reclamation is becoming of increasing importance in the world to solve the problem of water scarcity. A better understanding of the molecular composition of effluent organic matter(Ef OM) in the treated effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) is crucial for ensuring the safety of water reuse. In this study, the molecular composition of Ef OM in the secondary effluent of a WWTP in Beijing and the reclaimed water further treated with a coagulation–sedimentation–ozonation process were characterized using a non-target Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR MS) method and compared to that of natural organic matter(NOM) in the local source water from a reservoir. It was found that the molecular composition of Ef OM in the secondary effluent and reclaimed water was dominated by CHOS formulas, while NOM in the source water was dominated by CHO formulas. The CHO formulas of the three samples had similar origins. Anthropogenic surfactants were responsible for the CHOS formulas in Ef OM of the secondary effluent and were not well removed by the coagulation-sedimentation-ozonation treatment process adopted.     

关于多氯联苯测定的探讨

对PCB测定中所使用的Aroclor和单体标准品的区别、联系和使用进行了分析阐述,并对PCB测定中的气相色谱法、气相色谱质谱联用法、生物分析法、免疫分析法的优点、局限性进行了比较.对今后的PCB的测定提出了建议。     

SPME-GC/MS法测定垃圾渗沥液中双酚A

建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法测定垃圾渗沥液中双酚A的方法,并用于广州大田山垃圾渗沥液中双酚A含量的测定。对影响萃取的参数进行了优化,实验选用涂层厚度为85μm聚丙烯酸酯(PA)萃取纤维,在搅拌速度为1200r/min、NaCl浓度为20%、pH2.0和室温条件下萃取60min。方法的线性范围为0.1～100μg/L,检出限为0.03μg/L,精密度为6.6%。应用本方法监测了广州大田山垃圾渗沥液中BPA的含量在生物法处理过程中的变化情况。     

GC/MS测定土壤中的酞酸酯

本文针对土壤中酞酸酯类化合物,采用快速压力溶剂萃取仪(ASE)提取,弗罗里柱净化,气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC/MS)对酞酸酯类有机物进行定性、定量分析。实验过程中采用浓硫酸对实验器皿进行清洗,有效地防止环境中酞酸酯类有机物对样品的污染。结果表明:平均加标回收率在87%～106%之间,相对标准偏差在2.5%～6.5%之间,检出限在0.51μg/kg～1.6μg/kg之间。     

新生产空调客车内挥发性有机物浓度水平和来源分析

选取某厂家新生产的、下线时间不超过28d的53座新空调客车,在车辆处于静止状态下采用二次热解析-毛细管气相色谱/质谱联用法测量新空调车内挥发性有机物的分布特征和浓度水平.根据NIST02标准谱图进行匹配检索,结合色谱保留时间定性,共定性检出33种挥发性有机物,包括烷烃(15种、45.4%)、芳香类化合物(9种、27.3%)、醇(4种、12.1%),酮(3种、9.1%)、酯(2种、6.1%),且大多集中在C6～C10的范围内.新车内浓度最高的前5种挥发性有机物分别为癸烷(8.01 mg/m3)、3-甲基己烷(7.10mg/m3)、庚烷(5.10mg/m3)、异庚烷(4.20 ms/m3)和1-甲基,3-乙基苯(3,56 mg/3),总挥发性有机物TV012,52.5mR/m3.烷烃主要来源于空调车内部保温材料如聚氨酯(PU)发泡海绵或者聚乙烯(PE)发泡材料的释放,而车内检出的芳香族化合物主要来自汽车内饰用胶粘剂、密封胶等的释放.     

Identification and characterization of the chromium（Ⅵ） responding protein from a newly isolated Ochrobactrum anthropi CTS-325

A Gram-negative, chromium(VI) tolerant and reductive strain CTS-325, isolated from a Chinese chromate plant, was identified as Ochrobactrum anthropi based on its biochemical properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It was able to tolerate up to 10 mmol/L Cr(VI) and completely reduce 1 mmol/L Cr(VI) to Cr(III) within 48 h. When the strain CTS-325 was induced with Cr(VI), a protein increased significantly in the whole cell proteins. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that this protein was a superoxide dismutase (SOD) homology. The measured superoxide dismutase activity was 2694 U/mg after three steps of purification. The SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O₂^·−) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This protein is considered to be one of the most important anti-oxidative enzymes for O. anthropi as it allows the bacterium to survive high oxygen stress environments, such as the environment produced during the reduction process of Cr(VI).     

沉积物中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯类的GC／MS测定

采用快速压力溶剂萃取仪（ASE）提取,弗罗里柱净化,气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC／MS）对沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物进行定性、定量分析。实验过程中采用铬酸洗液对实验器皿进行清洗,有效防止环境中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质对样品的污染。     

Determination of N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water by UPLC-MS/MS

The method for detecting N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was improved by optimizing the clean-up procedure to remove the matrix interference in pretreatment process, and was then applied to a survey of NDMA in both raw and finished water samples from five water treatment plants in South China. The NDMA concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 15.1 ng/L in raw water samples, and from 4.68 to 46.9 ng/L in finished water. The NDMA concentration in raw water was found to be related with nitrite concentration, and during the treatment, the NDMA concentration increased following ozonation but decreased after subsequent activated carbon treatment.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测甲醛暴露产生的两种DNA加合物

针对两种甲醛-DNA加合物,N~6-羟甲基腺嘌呤(N~6-HOMe-d A)和N2-羟甲基鸟嘌呤(N_2-HOMe-d G),本实验室建立了基于液相色谱串联质谱的分析方法,以便从DNA分子水平上探讨甲醛暴露对DNA的损伤作用机理,其中[~(15)N_5]N~6-Me-d A和[~(13)C_(10)~(15)N_5]N_2-Me-d G为内标;液相分离所用色谱柱为Thermo Polar Advantage II C_(18);方法的精密度较好(RSD5%)、灵敏度较高(检出限分别为0.014和0.0064 ng·m L~(-1))、回收率良好(94.9%~111%).后用小牛胸腺DNA进行体外染毒实验,设置甲醛染毒的浓度梯度(0.001,0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5和1 mmol·L~(-1))和染毒时间组(0、2、4、8、12、16、24 h),利用建立的LC-MS/MS方法检测了DNA中N~6-HOMe-d A和N_2-HOMe-d G的含量.结果表明,两种甲醛-DNA加合物N~6-HOMe-d A和N2-HOMe-d G的量与甲醛暴露存在剂量-反应和时间-反应关系.     

有机硫恶臭物质采样和分析检测技术研究

本研究以二甲二硫醚和甲硫醇为代表对有机硫恶臭物质的采样浓缩,热解析和ＧＣ,ＧＣ／ＭＳ的色谱分离,定性鉴定和定量检测方法进行了实验技术研究。与此同时研制开发了恶臭污染监测的系列配套装置－采样管,微型采样泵,热解析色谱进行装置和标准气体物质发生装置。经筛选确认,国产ＧＤＸＥ１０５采样管可对ＤＭＤＳ和ＣＨ３ＳＨ实现直接常温采样浓缩,样品回收率分别为１００％和６０％。ＧＣ／ＦＰＤ对二种硫化物的检出下限分别