ICP-MS同时快速测定环境空气中15种金属污染物

用玻璃(或石英)纤维滤膜采集环境空气样品,在氢氟酸和浓硝酸溶液中消解澄清,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定含量。结果表明,进口滤膜重金属本底值较低且均一,更适合于环境空气中重金属监测。标准品滤膜E023-1125测定值均在认定值附近,相对误差在0.308%~4.96%之间,加标回收率在95.7%~107%之间,检出限在0.115~3.98 ng/m3之间,满足日常环境监测分析要求。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中丙烯醛和丙烯腈

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中的丙烯醛和丙烯腈,方法在5.00μg/L~200μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限分别为4.9μg/L和0.3μg/L。用该方法测定3个质量浓度水平的空白加标样,7次测定结果的RSD为2.8%~6.7%,加标回收率为90.4%~98.3%。用该方法测定某水库和某河流的地表水,丙烯醛和丙烯腈均未检出。     

固相萃取-液质联用分析药物和个人护理品

建立了固相萃取-液质联用分析药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)的方法,采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱分别在酸性条件下和碱性条件下对PPCPs进行富集提取,该法对于宜兴地区能够检出的30种PPCPs均具有良好的线性,相关系数为0.990~0.999,检出限为1.37~10.12 ng/L。应用该法对宜兴地区地表水中存在的PPCPs进行分析,结果显示30种PPCPs均有不同程度检出,分布最广泛的7种分别为避蚊胺、阿替洛尔、对乙酰氨基酚、普鲁卡因、β-雌二醇、卡马西平和苯佐卡因,阿替洛尔浓度较高,普遍为5~600 ng/L。避蚊胺虽然出现频率最高,但其在各个采样点浓度偏低,普遍为1~50 ng/L。     

秸秆燃烧产生的颗粒物中有机示踪物的分析方法

针对秸秆燃烧产生的颗粒物建立了测定4种有机示踪物的GC-MS分析方法,着重讨论了柱前衍生反应的条件,通过条件实验确定了在样品中加入80-100μl BSTFA/TMCS作为衍生试剂,在70℃下反应2h的最佳反应条件.方法的检测限为0.042-0.260μg,精密度为2.7%-19.7%,加标回收率为60.3%-111%.应用本方法定量分析了小麦秸秆闷烧排放的细颗粒物中22种有机物的含量,其分布特征为糖类物质含量最高,其次为含-OCH3酚类和甾醇类物质,而烷醇类物质含量最低.     

UPLC-MS/MS测定地表水中总微囊藻毒素的快速前处理方法探究

为方便地表水中总微囊藻毒素(TMCs)的预警监测,探究提取MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR的不同快速前处理方法,建立同时测定3种TMCs的煮沸-过滤-UPLC-MS/MS法.该方法在0.006μg/L～50.0μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.006μg/L～0.010μg/L,实际水样3个质量浓度水平的加标回...     

Regulating Industrial Stormwater: State Permits,Municipal Implementation,and a Protocol for Prioritization1

Abstract:  This research evaluated the effectiveness of regulations for stormwater pollutants originating from industrial facilities. Industrial facilities discharging stormwater are subject to General Permits implemented by state and federal agencies, which require facility operators to identify themselves and to implement pollution prevention measures. An overlying system of permits require Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System operators to identify and inspect facilities in their jurisdictions capable of discharging substantial pollutant loads into stormwater conveyances, introducing more active regulation and strategic prioritization, but with unequal implementation in different urban regions. This research evaluated the interaction between the regulations and ways in which the regulations succeed, or fail, at protecting water quality. The research evaluated potential for pollutant discharges at 136 industrial facilities in Pinellas County, Florida, using telephone interviews; off-site facility visits; and on-site facility inspections, targeting four industrial categories: wood products; stone, clay, glass, and concrete products; fabricated metal products; and electronic products. Results documented that a large proportion of facilities subject to General Permits conduct few or no activities likely to produce stormwater pollutants, indicating that the regulations’ equal treatment of all facilities may constitute overregulation. The research developed a methodology to assess facilities using intensity of industrial activities exposed to stormwater, a rational measurement that could regularize municipal agencies’ requirements and prioritize implementation toward facilities with the potential to impact receiving water quality.     

Antibiotic removal from water: Elimination of amoxicillin and ampicillin by microscale and nanoscale iron particles

Zerovalent iron powder (ZVI or Fe⁰) and nanoparticulate ZVI (nZVI or nFe⁰) are proposed as cost-effective materials for the removal of aqueous antibiotics. Results showed complete removal of Amoxicillin (AMX) and Ampicillin (AMP) upon contact with Fe⁰ and nFe⁰. Antibiotics removal was attributed to three different mechanisms: (i) a rapid rupture of the β-lactam ring (reduction), (ii) an adsorption of AMX and AMP onto iron corrosion products and (iii) sequestration of AMX and AMP in the matrix of precipitating iron hydroxides (co-precipitation with iron corrosion products). Kinetic studies demonstrated that AMP and AMX (20 mg L⁻¹) undergo first-order decay with half-lives of about 60.3 ± 3.1 and 43.5 ± 2.1 min respectively after contact with ZVI under oxic conditions. In contrast, reactions under anoxic conditions demonstrated better degradation with t_1/2 of about 11.5 ± 0.6 and 11.2 ± 0.6 min for AMP and AMX respectively. NaCl additions accelerated Fe⁰ consumption, shortening the service life of Fe⁰ treatment systems.     

室内空气中芳香烃的测定与污染源模拟

采用Ｔｅｎａｘ树脂吸附－热解吸／氢火焰气相色谱法定量测定室内空气中芳香烃类有机的。现场采样测定了某办公楼装修前后室内空气环境中芳香烃浓度。     

银杏渣超临界甲醇解聚产物分析

考察了银杏渣粉末在超临界甲醇中的解聚反应,用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)分析了解聚产物。结果表明,超临界甲醇解聚产物(SCMD)中成分十分复杂,GC/MS分析鉴定出86种有机化合物,其中59种为含氧有机化合物,有酯、酚、醚、醇和酮等,还检测出少量正构烷烃、烯烃、芳烃和含氮有机化合物,反映了SCMD的高含氧量特性。SCMD中10.65%的苯酚类物质、3.34%的芳烃类物质和5.20%的苯甲醚类化合物可能源于木质素在超临界甲醇中的解聚作用,而32.84%的甲酯及二甲酯类化合物可能是甲醇与银杏渣组成和解聚产物酯化反应的结果。由此可以推断出在银杏渣的超临界解聚过程中涉及了甲醇与银杏渣的醇解和热解的协同反应。     

粉煤灰增强超声/H2O2降解左氧氟沙星的实验研究

研究粉煤灰对超声/H2O2体系降解左氧氟沙星的增强效果,考察了粉煤灰添加量、H2O2浓度、溶液初始pH值、左氧氟沙星初始浓度等对降解效果的影响.结果表明,与单独超声,H2O2氧化,超声/H2O2,超声/粉煤灰,粉煤灰/H2O2氧化相比,粉煤灰有效增强了超声/H2O2体系对左氧氟沙星的降解,降解反应符合一级反应动力学.粉煤灰添加量为1.5g/L,H2O2浓度为15.0mmol/L,pH=7.16,超声功率325W,左氧氟沙星初始浓度20mg/L,反应160min,左氧氟沙星的去除率达到99.12%,TOC去除率为17.37 %.利用荧光探针法对不同体系产生的·OH浓度进行了分析比较,粉煤灰作为非均相催化剂,主要在于发生类Fenton反应.采用HPLC/MS/MS方法对3种反应产物进行了分析,结果表明左氧氟沙星主要是通过喹诺酮环失去-C2,哌嗪环去亚甲基化以及·OH进攻喹诺酮环发生降解.