石油烃对栉孔扇贝血淋巴细胞DNA损伤的初步研究

为研究石油烃对海洋生物的毒性效应,将栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)暴露于0.08、0.21和0.88mg·L-1石油烃中,采用单细胞凝胶电泳实验(彗星实验)技术检测不同暴露时间扇贝血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤程度,对照组中石油烃背景浓度为0.04mg·L-1。结果显示,低浓度(0.08mg·L-1)的石油烃短期(<7d)内即可导致栉孔扇贝血淋巴细胞的DNA损伤,并且随石油烃浓度的增大和暴露时间的延长,DNA损伤程度增加,石油烃浓度达0.88mg·L-1时,DNA损伤程度已非常严重。3d恢复实验后,各浓度组DNA损伤又均有不同程度的恢复。研究表明,彗星实验是检测石油烃对海洋贝类DNA损伤的一种有效手段,贝类血淋巴细胞DNA损伤有望成为石油烃污染的一种生物标志物,用于海洋污染的早期预警监测。     

11种取代酚类内分泌干扰活性的初步筛选与评价

通过聚蔗糖-泛影葡胺密度梯度离心法，从鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)外周血中分离出淋巴细胞，体外培养24h，用MTT法测试双酚类、联苯酚类、二酚类、烷基单酚类和取代酚类等几类可疑环境内分泌干扰物对淋巴细胞增殖的影响．结果表明，双酚类、联苯酚类和烷基单酚类物质对鲫鱼淋巴细胞的增殖具有低浓度促进，高浓度抑制的作用．二酚类物质对鲫鱼淋巴细胞的增殖具有促进作用．取代酚类对鲫鱼淋巴细胞的增殖无明显作用．该结果表明，此方法可以对环境内分泌干扰物进行初步筛选，同时发现环境内分泌干扰物对淋巴细胞增殖的效应与物质的化学结构具有一定相关性。     

Acute toxicity formation potential of benzophenone-type UV filters in chlorination disinfection process

Benzophenones （BPs） are a class of widely used UV filters, which have been frequently detected within multiple environmental matrices. Disinfection is a necessary process in water treatment processes. The transformation behaviors and toxicity changes of 14 BP-type UV filters during chlorination disinfection treatment were investigated in this study. A new index, the acute toxicity formation potential, was proposed to evaluate the toxicity changes and potential risks of BP-type UV filters during chlorination treatment. It was found that 13 of 14 BP-type UV filters exhibited toxicity decreases in the chlorination disinfection process, more or less, while one showed a toxicity increase. The toxicity changes were dependent on substitution effects, such that 2,4-di-hydroxylated or 3-hydroxylated BPs exhibited significant toxicity decreases after chlorination treatment due to the ready cleavage of the aromatic ring. Importantly, the acute toxicity changes could be duplicated in an ambient water matrix.     

Cloning,expression, and functional identification of CaSWEET7 and CaSWEET15 genes in Canarium album北大核心CSCD

糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporters,SWEET)介导植物光合同化产物蔗糖的跨膜运输.以橄榄(Canarium album(Lour.)Raeusch.)果实为材料,通过气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS)检测橄榄果实中糖组分及含量变化,利用RT-PCR技术克隆得到CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因开放阅读框(ORF)序列.结果表明:CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因ORF全长分别为774 bp和951 bp,分别编码长度为257个和316个氨基酸残基,具有2个MtN3_slv结构域;进化树分析表明,CaSWEET7属于CladeⅡ,CaSWEET15属于CladeⅢ.实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测其在不同发育时期的果实中相对表达量变化,结果表明,随着果实发育,CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15表达量逐渐递增,且与果实发育蔗糖含量变化呈显著正相关(相关性系数分别为0.931和0.904,P<0.05);利用酵母功能互补证明CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因编码的蛋白具有转运蔗糖能力.本研究表明CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因可能在橄榄果实蔗糖积累中发挥作用.(图9表2参44)     

小麦中T-2毒素酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)

T-2毒素是某些植物致病菌的次生代谢产物,尤其是由镰刀菌(Fusarium sp)引致的麦类、玉米等作物的赤霉病,菌体在一定条件下能产生大量的该类毒素.T-2毒素对人畜的毒性很大,同时,还与某些癌症的发病率有密切的关系.T-2毒素的检测方法,常用的有薄层层析法,气相、液相色谱法以及气-质联用等,这些方法,有的精确度     

Determnation of ochratoxin A in grain by monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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Prenatal diagnosis of Pompe's disease (type ii glycogenosis) in chorionic villus biopsy using maltose as a substrate

Uncultured trophoblasts obtained from chorionic villus biopsy during the gestation period of 8–12 weeks were assayed for alpha-glucosidase activity using maltose as the substrate. Only one major form of maltase activity with a pH optimum at 4.0 was demonstrated. Using this method, we performed prenatal diagnosis on three pregnancies at risk for the infantile form of type II glycogen storage disease. Two affected fetuses and one unaffected fetus were predicted and the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed. The maltose assay offered a direct, simple, and sensitive method for prenatal diagnosis of Pompe's disease in the first trimester.     

一种水质污染生物监测的新方法——蝌蚪肠细胞染色体畸变分析

发展了一种水生脊椎动物蝌蚪肠细胞染色体畸变的分析方法,可作为诱变剂污染水源的早期报警系统。该方法的优点:1)灵敏度高;2)蝌蚪在我国分布广、数量多、捕捉方便、费用低、易饲养管理。尤其是蝌蚪的核型由22条大的中部和亚中部着丝点染色体所组成,适于毒理遗传学研究;3)蝌蚪具有转化前诱变剂或前致癌剂为活性成份的微粒体活化系统。     

大气飘尘致癌物与DNA加合物的^32P后标记分析

采用~(32)P后标记分析法,测定上海市大气飘尘中致癌物与DNA形成加合物的能力。先将飘尘行机提取物,按一定剂量涂抹到小鼠皮肤上作用一定时间;然后,处死小鼠,取涂抹部位皮肤提取DNA,用~(32)P后标记法分离测定DNA中致癌物,即DNA加合物。结果表明,上海市大气飘尘有机提取物可以与皮肤DNA形成多个加合物斑点,提示上海市大气飘尘存在一定的致癌危险性。     

采用生物发光检测法进行Ames试验的研究

将自行构建的含有青海弧菌荧光酶基因的质粒pACYCL184引入Ames试验的4个菌株TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102中,构建成能够生物发光的工程菌,分别命名为TAL97、TAL98、TAL100、TAL102.实验表明,该4株工程菌保持原出发菌株所具有的与Ames试验相关的性状,对各类致突变剂有良好的反应,且可用平皿计数法进行致突变试验.其发光值与致突变剂浓度存在良好的量效关系,故可用发光检测取代原Ames试验的平皿计数,使检测更简单、方便、快速.图3表3参11