循环经济在煤矿生产中的实施和发展前景

循环经济是2l世纪可持续发展的战略选择,煤矿生产发展和实施循环经济模式是煤炭行业经济结构改革的重要内容。通过对煤矿生产过程中发展循环经济的论述。探讨了煤矿生产建立“煤电建材联营”为产业链的循环经济发展模式,提出了煤矿生产实施循环经济的措施。     

周边式二次沉淀池流态的计算模拟研究

通过计算模拟二沉池流态,解决了二沉池流态测定的难题,该模拟方法速度快、精度高、不需要实型池.通过对实际池的计算发现,周边式二沉池上溢流集中在靠池周边的区域,以垂直向上的流线为主,池中心上部存在着较大的水流死区,由此解释了该类型池澄清能力小的原因.     

The application of life cycle assessment to design

This paper explores the practical application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to product system development. While life cycle assessment methods have been studied and demonstrated extensively over the last two decades, their application to product design and development has not been critically addressed. Many organizational and operational factors limit the integration of the three LCA components (inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment) with product development. Design of the product system can be considered a synthesis of individual decisions and choices made by the design team, which ultimately shape the system's environmental profile. The environmental goal of life cycle design is to minimize the aggregate environmental impacts associated with the product system. Appropriate environmental information must be supplied to decision makers throughout each stage of the development process to achieve this goal. LCA can serve as a source of this information, but informational requirements can vary as the design moves from its conceptual phase, where many design choices are possible, to its detailed design and implementation. Streamlined approaches and other tools, such as design checklists, are essential. The practical use of this tool in product development also depends on the nature and complexity of the product system (e.g. new vs. established), the product development cycle (time-to-market constraints), availability of technical and financial resources, and the design approach (integrated vs. serial). These factors will influence the role and scope of LCA in product development. Effective communication and evaluation of environmental information and the integration of this information with cost, performance, cultural and legal criteria will also be critical to the success of design initiatives based on the life cycle framework. An overview of several of these design initiatives will be presented.     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

秦沈客运专线路基声屏障工程设计与施工

秦沈客运专线首次在通过村庄附近地段的路基上设计安装声屏障工程 ,作为降低列车通过时的噪音、减弱扰民程度的重要措施。文中介绍了声屏障工程的设计与施工、管理等情况。     

面向经济回收的产品设计系统构成

面向回收的产品设计能够使废旧产品得到更好的回收和重用，优化拆卸序列的生成必须基于产品拆卸的经济性分析。论述了面向经济回收的产品设计系统的构成及相关的关键问题，分析了产品的零件材料回收价值与拆卸工艺，建立了零件材料合理回收的评估方法。     

A strategic design approach to develop sustainable product service systems: examples taken from the ‘environmentally friendly innovation’ Italian prize

The product service systems’ (PSS) sustainability potential is described in the framework of the new types of stakeholder relationships and/or partnerships, producing new convergence of economic interests, and a potential concomitant systemic resources optimization.In this perspective, it is argued that the design competencies should move towards those of the ‘strategic design’, thus introducing the concept of ‘strategic design for sustainability’: the design of an innovation strategy, shifting the business focus from designing (and selling) physical products only, to designing (and selling) a system of products and services which are jointly capable of fulfilling specific client demands, while re-orienting current unsustainable trends in production and consumption practices.Some examples of PSS are presented and discussed using the PSS categories ‘services providing added value to the product life cycle’, ‘services providing final results to customers’, and ‘services providing enabling platforms for customers’. The cases derive from an analysis of the ‘environmental friendly innovation’ yearly endowed prize submissions. The Politecnico di Milano University together with the Bocconi University and Legambiente (an environmental NGO) promotes the initiative in Italy.     

我国环境管理模式法律问题探讨

通过对市场体制下政府在环境管理中职能及我国环境管理现状分析,借鉴国外发达国家环境管理实践经验,认为现代市场经济国家主要通过环境规划的指引作用、环境政策工具及环保制度的推动作用、以及环境法规的扶持规范作用,共同推动环境管理实践.     

水体中挥发酚自净模式研究

采用均匀设计法设计实验，当实验条件曝气强度（ml/min)、酚的起始浓度（mg/l)、加入底泥量（g)、加入10%HgCl2量（ml)、处理温度（℃）、处理时间（小时）分别用X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6表示时，得到它们与含酚污水中总酚去除率Y和挥发除去酚浓度C的关系分别为：Y=-100.67 21.835Lnx1 17.920Lnx2 1.595√x3-0.124x4 1.131x5-1.086e^x6;C=-3.308 0.614Lnx1 0.307Lnx2 0.179√x3 5.100*10^-2x4 2.369*10^-2x5-0.692Lnx6。并讨论了酚在水体中自净的规律。     

精密模锻模具设计

先从三种角度 :锻造设备和工作条件 ,钢材的加热温度和凹模结构形式对精密模锻模具进行分类 ;然后从六个方面讨论精密模锻模具设计要点模膛设计 ,凹模尺寸设计和强度计算 ,凸模尺寸和强度计算 ,模具的导向装置 ,顶出装置及飞边槽尺寸的设计