庙岛群岛南部海域大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解庙岛群岛南部海域大型底栖动物群落结构特点及其与环境因子的关系,于2012年11月和2013年2月、5月、8月(分别代表秋季、冬季、春季、夏季)进行了4个航次的采样,分析了大型底栖动物群落结构及其与水深、水温、透明度和MD(沉积物中值粒径)、w(OM)(OM为有机质)、w(Chla)(Chla为叶绿素a)、w(Pha)(Pha为脱镁叶绿酸)等环境因子间的关系. 结果表明:调查共发现大型底栖动物164种,其中环节动物多毛类82种,节肢动物甲壳类39种,软体动物29种,棘皮动物9种,其他类群动物5种;季节上表现为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季. IRI(相对重要性指数)计算结果表明,不同季节的优势种存在差异,但主要优势种大多为环节动物多毛类;其中,秋季最主要的优势种为彩虹明樱蛤(Moerella iridescens),其IRI为4 280;冬季和春季均为梳鳃虫(Terebellides stroemii),IRI分别为1 092和435;夏季为刚鳃虫(Chaetozone setosa),IRI为542. Spearman相关分析表明,底栖动物丰度和沉积物含水率呈显著正相关(P<0.05);生物量与σi(沉积物分选系数)、w(OM)呈显著负相关,而与水深呈极显著正相关. MD、透明度、w(Pha)组合可以很好地解释研究海域不同底栖动物群落结构的差异.      

浙江省海岛区资源特征与开发研究——以舟山群岛为例

舟山群岛为我国第一大群岛,区位条件优越,是开发海洋资源的基地。本文分析了舟山群岛区的资源特征、优势及资源开发的限制因素,对港口航道、海洋生物、旅游、盐业与海洋能源等优势资源的开发利用进行了深入的探讨。     

长山群岛海区现代沉积特征

以１９８９￣１９９２年辽宁省海岛资源综合调查中海洋地质，海洋沉积资料为基础，通过对表层沉积物类型，粘土矿折的６个柱样＾２１０Ｐｂ沉积速率的分析，研究了长山群岛海区现代沉积特征。结果表明，该区沉积物类型分布与一般浅水海域近岸粗远岸细的泥沙分布规律截然不同，呈现出近岸细远岸粗、从西北向东南变粗的总趋势；４种主要粘土矿物的含量伊利石〉高岭石〉绿泥石〉蒙脱石，矿物组成明显受控于大陆沿岸河流输砂；沿岸河口区     

Combining the Species-Area-Habitat Relationship and Environmental Cluster Analysis to Set Conservation Priorities: a Study in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China

Abstract: Identification of priority areas is a fundamental goal in conservation biology. Because of a lack of detailed information about species distributions, conservation targets in the Zhoushan Archipelago (China) were established on the basis of a species–area–habitat relationship (choros model) combined with an environmental cluster analysis (ECA). An environmental‐distinctness index was introduced to rank areas in the dendrogram obtained with the ECA. To reduce the effects of spatial autocorrelation, the ECA was performed considering spatial constraints. To test the validity of the proposed index, a principal component analysis–based environmental diversity approach was also performed. The priority set of islands obtained from the spatially constrained cluster analysis coupled with the environmental‐distinctness index had high congruence with that from the traditional environmental‐diversity approach. Nevertheless, the environmental‐distinctness index offered the advantage of giving hotspot rankings that could be readily integrated with those obtained from the choros model. Although the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs test showed no significant difference among the rankings from constrained and unconstrained clustering process, as indicated by cophenetic correlation, spatially constrained cluster analysis performed better than the unconstrained cluster analysis, which suggests the importance of incorporating spatial autocorrelation into ECA. Overall, the integration of the choros model and the ECA showed that the islands Liuheng, Mayi, Zhoushan, Fodu, and Huaniao may be good candidates on which to focus future efforts to conserve regional biodiversity. The 4 types of priority areas, generated from the combination of the 2 approaches, were explained in descending order on the basis of their conservation importance: hotspots with distinct environmental conditions, hotspots with general environmental conditions, areas that are not hotspots with distinct environmental conditions, and areas that are not hotspots with general environmental conditions.     

舟山群岛降水中阴离子及pH值的特征分析

通过对舟山站点降水中的4种阴离子(F^-、Cl^-、NO^3-和SO4₄^2-)及pH值近2a的连续观测,对阴离子和pH值的范围及变化趋势进行了描述;利用本征矢量投影技术对实验数据进行降维处理,并对造成异常样品点的影响因素进行了分析.进一步因子分析结果显示,舟山站点降水样本点在阴离子及pH值方面的分布特征可基本确定为2个因子,SO₄^2--NO₃^-因子(FA1)及Cl^-因子(FA2),可将其概括为“人类活动因子”与“海洋因子”,因子分析结果得到的主要因子FA1、FA2与本征矢量投影得到的主成分PC1、PC2基本对应,因子分析的结果对解释影响样品点差异的实际变量方面更具实际意义,即舟山站点样本点的异常值可归为2类,受SO4₄^2---NO₃^-因子(FA1)影响及受Cl^-因子(FA2)影响.