江苏省8个沿海造林树种的耐盐性评价研究

以江苏省盐城市大丰区沿海地区为研究区域,选择中山杉（Taxodium 'Zhongshanshan'）、白榆（Ulmus pumila）、落羽杉（Taxodium distichum）、榔榆（Ulmus parvifolia）、乌桕（Triadica sebifera）、青皮柳（Salix ohsidare）、构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）和苦楝（Melia azedarach）8个造林树种,研究不同树种造林地土壤含盐量及其与树木成活率、胸径和树高生长量的关系,并对8个树种的耐盐性进行隶属函数法综合评价,以进一步研究江苏沿海地区典型树种的耐盐性。结果表明,48个调查样地土壤含盐量为0.4~11.9 mg/g;不同样地之间的土壤含盐量差异较大;土壤含盐量较高的样地具有典型的盐分表聚现象;8个树种的成活率、胸径和树高年生长量与土壤含盐量均呈负相关。8个造林树种的耐盐性评价结果显示,其耐盐能力表现为白榆>苦楝>落羽杉>乌桕>榔榆>中山杉>青皮柳>构树。其中,白榆和苦楝可耐受6 mg/g的土壤含盐量;落羽杉、乌桕、榔榆和中山杉可耐受4 mg/g的土壤含盐量;青皮柳和构树只能耐受3 mg/g的土壤含盐量。白榆和苦楝可在含盐量较高的沿海地区造林,落羽杉、乌桕、榔榆和中山杉可在含盐量中等的沿海地区造林,青皮柳和构树只能在含盐量较低的沿海地区造林。

     

天津市近岸海域水质变化趋势分析及水质目标研究

掌握海域水质变化趋势、制定科学合理的水质目标,有助于精准实施重点海域排污总量控制,制定有效的污染物管控政策。利用广义加性模型（GAM）,基于2007—2018年天津市近岸海域营养盐浓度及降水量数据,建立水质变化趋势分析模型和水质目标确定方法,在评估天津市近岸海域12个监测站位无机氮和活性磷酸盐浓度变化趋势的基础上,提出天津市近岸海域水质控制目标,并分析水质目标的合理性和可达性。结果表明：2013—2018年与2007—2012年相比,天津市近岸海域无机氮浓度总体呈下降趋势,下降比例为13.19%,95%的置信区间为−30.37%～3.96%;活性磷酸盐浓度总体呈上升趋势,上升比例为7.01%,95%的置信区间为−11.43%～25.45%,尚未恢复到2007—2012年的平均水平;提出2025年天津市近岸海域无机氮、活性磷酸盐二者综合优良水质比例达到75%的控制目标;将天津市近岸海域划分成7个区域,建议据此实施海域水质分区管理,进一步加强农业面源污染防治,强化流域上下游协同治理和省际水污染联防联治,持续改善天津市近岸海域水质。

     

天然水中过氧化氢生成及其光化学反应的研究进展

在综合近４０年来国外对天然水（地表水、大气水滴及降水）中过氧化氢研究成果的基础上，重点从天然水中过氧化氢的含量和分布、生成机理以及光化学反应三方面，对这一领域的研究进展作了综述。     

Use of biomarkers in zooplankton for assessment of the 'health status' of marine and brackish environments: a short overview

The biomarker approach has been used for 25 years to study the environmental quality of marine, brackish and freshwater ecosystems. Biomarkers may indicate health status and can be applied to organisms of all zoological phyla by destructive or non destructive methods. For 5 years we have been using this approach in zooplankton to detect ecotoxicological alterations at low levels of the food chain due to contaminants. Here we review our approach to validate and apply biomarker techniques in zooplankton. We discuss advantages, limitations, some results and future research. We indicate that biomarkers in zooplankton can be used as new indices of trophic status and ecological integrity of Italian marine coastal and lagoon environments, to be included among the tools specified by Italian law D.Lgs. 152/2006.     

海岸带可持续发展的系统综合管理模式初探

本文在简要讨论了海岸带及其资源可持续开发利用的基础上，提出了海岸带管理的整合模式──系统综合管理模式。并详细分析了海岸带系统综合管理模式的内容和方法。     

Variability of Water Column Transparency, Volume Flow and Suspended Solids Near San Diego Sewage Outfall (California): 15 Years of Data

The spatial and temporal variability of transparency measured for 15 years at 7 stations near the San Diego sewage outfall has been investigated and compared to the temporal variability of sewage suspended solid discharge and flow rate. the purpose of the time-series analyses was to distinguish natural from human (sewage discharge) causes of temporal changes in transparency. the results show that: 1) variations in transparency are highly correlated over the entire area, but there is a gradient in means and variability in the direction perpendicular to the coast; 2) there are no long term trends for increase or decrease in the water clarity at any of the stations; 3) most of the variance of transparency is contained in the seasonal frequency band; 4) over the same time period sewage discharge has significantly increased and suspended solids decreased; 5) most of the variance of these human-caused properties is in the interannual frequency band; (6) there is no correlation at any time-lag between water clarity and suspended solid discharge or flow. These results lead to the conclusion that these anthropogenic properties are not affecting transparency, while natural factors such as seasonality and distance from coast do.     

Restorating marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goad for integrated catchment management in Tolo Harbour,Hong Kong,China

The paper demonstrates why it is necessary to take the restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for integrated catchment management, in coastal area of the Tolo Harbour. The present goal of integrated catchment management (ICM) in the Tolo Harbour is to meet with Water Quality Objectives. The performance of an ICM plan, Tolo Harbour Action Plan (THAP), is evaluated by using marine coastal ecosystem health indicators including stress indicators and responses indicators. Since the implementation of THAP in 1988, some significant reduction in pollution loading has been observed - reduction of 83 % of BOD load and 82 % of TN between 1988 and 1999. There has been an improvement in the health state of Tolo Harbour marine coastal ecosystem as evidenced in the trends of the physical, chemical and biological indicators, although some reverse fluctuations in some periods exist. However, this can only be considered as the first sign of the ecosystem health restoration, since ecosystem health co     

采煤塌陷区重金属污染水体修复技术探讨及展望——以唐山市南湖公园为例

以唐山南湖公园为例综述了采煤塌陷区水体重金属污染的来源、危害及修复技术,详细介绍植物修复技术,总结了采煤塌陷区重金属污染水体修复技术的发展趋势和方向.     

沿海农田林网建设关键技术的经济学择优

对江苏沿海地区农田林网的经营类型、造林树种、林带配置进行了技术经济学分析和多目标灰色局势决策择优。结果表明：农田林网经营类型宜选择复合经营的果材兼用型林网。造林树种可选择速生丰产的杨树等用材树种和经济效益高的桃树等果树。林网配置在海堤河岸上选择用材树种，营造基干林带，筑起大网格框架；在道路沟渠上立体配置林果树种，营造主林带和副林带，构建中网格；在脱盐排水沟上添加果树辅助林带，建立小网格，形成多树种多林种合作、大中小网格配套、多道防线联防、多效益多产品产出的复合配置模式。