一种新型的清洁能源——燃料电池

燃料电池高效率、无污染、建设周期短、易维护以及低成本的特点被受人们关注。本文介绍了各种类型燃料电池(碱性燃料电池、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池、固体氧化物燃料电池、磷酸燃料电池及质子交换膜燃料电池)的技术进展及其发展现状,对燃料电池的应用前景进行了探讨。     

改性环氧树脂灌封提高铝电解电容器的三防性能

针对铝电解电容器出现的三防问题，通过对环氧树脂进行改性，提高环氧树脂的防护能力，并以此对铝电解电容器进行灌封，经过三防试验检验，结果表明采用改性环氧树脂灌封能效提高铝电解电容器的三防性能。     

程序升温条件下铁及其氧化物在CO存在时对N2O的还原机理

应用热综合分析仪（TG－FTIR）研究了在还原性气氛下Fe及其氧化物对N2O的催化还原 作用。研究发现铁氧化物对氮氧化物的催化还原能力相当弱，而Fe可以高效地降低N2O分解的初始温度和提高N2O向N2的转化率。在Fe和CO的作用下，N2O的初始分解温度为920K和1000K。在1123K时，N2O的转化率达到95％和805。TG／DSC曲线表明了在Fe与N2O反应过程中CO的作用表现为通过与N2O在反应表面的竞争吸附使铁氧化物还原为金属铁，X射线衍射证明Fe与N2O反应后的氧化物为Fe2O3；扫描电镜对反应后Fe表面物理形态的研究发展，在CO作用下，Fe的表面呈松散结构，可以保证Fe对氮氧化物反应的连续进行。     

微波辐射在二氧化锰诱导下对六氯苯污染土壤的修复研究

以二氧化锰为微波吸附剂,在密封体系中研究了微波辐射技术对六氯苯污染土壤的修复效果。分别以不同浓度的酸碱水溶液添加到土壤中,在模拟含水率为20%情况下,硫酸(50%)介质下六氯苯处理效果最好,10min的微波辐射即可使50mg/kg的六氯苯达到完全去除;但是在纯水和10mol/L氢氧化钠介质下,六氯苯基本上没有去除;随着硫酸浓度的降低,六氯苯的去除率显著降低。气相色谱/质谱联用(GC/MS)分析没有检测到新物质。六氯苯去除机理推测为,直接矿化或者HCB及其分解的中间产物同土壤发生化学结合而被固定起来,以致难以萃取出来。     

氧化锌脱硫技术研究进展

在分析了无机硫化物、有机硫化物脱硫机理的基础上,着重探讨了氧化锌脱硫技术存在的问题及国内外的研究现状。针对氧化锌脱硫剂在中温、高温脱硫时稳定性较差、低温硫容低、再生温度高导致脱硫活性下降、脱硫过程未实现无害化等问题,提出了研制纳米氧化锌脱硫剂是提高氧化锌脱硫技术水平的研究方向。     

Adsorption removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by calcined hydrotalcite

A hydrotalcite with Mg/AI molar ratio 2 was prepared by co-precipitation method and was characterized by XRD, TG/DTA, Zeta potential and BET surface area. The hydrotalcite was calcined at 500℃, with the dehydration from interlayer, the dehydroxilation from the brucite-like layer and the decomposition of carbonate successively, transformed into the mixed oxide type. The removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by using the original hydrotalcite and calcined hydrotalcite （HTC-500） was investigated. The results showed that the thiocyanate adsorption capacity of calcined hydrotalcite was much higher than that of the original form. Calcined hydrotalcite was particularly effective at removing thiocyanate, and that the effective range of pH for the thiocyanate removal are between 5.5-10.0. The experimental data of thiocyanate removal fit nicely with Langmuir isotherm, and the saturated adsorption uptake was 96.2 mg SCN-/g HTC-500. The adsorption of thiocyanate by calcined hydrotalcite follows first-order kinetics. And the intercalation to the structure recovery for calcined hydrotalcite. But the presence of additional anions could affect the adsorption behavior of thiocyanate.     

Seasonal nitrogen fluxes of the Lena River Delta

The Arctic is nutrient limited, particularly by nitrogen, and is impacted by anthropogenic global warming which occurs approximately twice as fast compared to the global average. Arctic warming intensifies thawing of permafrost-affected soils releasing their large organic nitrogen reservoir. This organic nitrogen reaches hydrological systems, is remineralized to reactive inorganic nitrogen, and is transported to the Arctic Ocean via large rivers. We estimate the load of nitrogen supplied from terrestrial sources into the Arctic Ocean by sampling in the Lena River and its Delta. We took water samples along one of the major deltaic channels in winter and summer in 2019 and sampling station in the central delta over a one-year cycle. Additionally, we investigate the potential release of reactive nitrogen, including nitrous oxide from soils in the Delta. We found that the Lena transported nitrogen as dissolved organic nitrogen to the coastal Arctic Ocean and that eroded soils are sources of reactive inorganic nitrogen such as ammonium and nitrate. The Lena and the Deltaic region apparently are considerable sources of nitrogen to nearshore coastal zone. The potential higher availability of inorganic nitrogen might be a source to enhance nitrous oxide emissions from terrestrial and aquatic sources to the atmosphere.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01665-0.     

Nitrous oxide and methane in a changing Arctic Ocean

Human activities are changing the Arctic environment at an unprecedented rate resulting in rapid warming, freshening, sea ice retreat and ocean acidification of the Arctic Ocean. Trace gases such as nitrous oxide (N₂O) and methane (CH₄) play important roles in both the atmospheric reactivity and radiative budget of the Arctic and thus have a high potential to influence the region’s climate. However, little is known about how these rapid physical and chemical changes will impact the emissions of major climate-relevant trace gases from the Arctic Ocean. The combined consequences of these stressors present a complex combination of environmental changes which might impact on trace gas production and their subsequent release to the Arctic atmosphere. Here we present our current understanding of nitrous oxide and methane cycling in the Arctic Ocean and its relevance for regional and global atmosphere and climate and offer our thoughts on how this might change over coming decades.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01633-8.     

便携式拉曼光谱仪测定环氧丙烷含量的研究

环氧丙烷是一种常见的化工原料,具备易燃性和毒性,不同浓度的环氧丙烷可能产生的危害程度和处置方式不同.通过建立一种快速检测定量分析环氧丙烷的方法,利用便携式拉曼光谱仪进行无损检测,应用于样品的定性、定量分析.通过不同浓度的环氧丙烷拉曼光谱特征峰(901 cm-1)结合标准曲线法,绘制标准工作曲线.本方法测定简单、操作方便...     

燃煤流化床中N2O生成与分解的均相反应机理

介绍由燃料氮生成Ｎ２Ｏ的主要途径是：ＮＣＯ→ＮＯ→Ｎ２Ｏ＋ＣＯ,ＮＨ＋ＮＯ→Ｎ２Ｏ＋Ｈ;分解Ｎ２Ｏ的主要反应是：Ｎ２Ｏ＋Ｈ→Ｎ２十ＯＨ。分析了挥发分中的燃料氮成分、煤种、炉内温度、过量空气系数、分级与单级燃烧方式等因素对Ｎ２Ｏ排放的影响。