Hierarchical Ag-SiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic composites for elemental mercury removal from non-ferrous metal smelting flue gas

Hierarchical Ag-SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 magnetic composites were selected for elemental mercury(Hg~0) removal from non-ferrous metal smelting flue gas in this study. Results showed that the hierarchical Ag-SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 magnetic composites had favorable Hg~0 removal ability at low temperature. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of hierarchical magnetic composite is much larger than that of pure Fe_3O_4 and SiO_2@Fe_3O_4. The Hg~0 removal efficiency reached the highest value as approximately 92% under the reaction temperature of 150°C, while the removal efficiency sharply reduced in the absence of O_2. The characterization results indicated that Ag nanoparticles grew on the surface of SiO_2@Fe_3O_4 support. The large surface area of SiO_2 supplied efficient reaction room for Hg and Ag atoms. Ag–Hg amalgam is generated on the surface of the composites. In addition, this magnetic material could be easily separated from fly ashes when adopted for treating real flue gas, and the spent materials could be regenerated using a simple thermal-desorption method.     

铁锰氧化物在不同水分条件下对土壤As的稳定化作用

本文以铁锰氧化物(Fe-Mn,FM)为研究对象,评估其在不同水分条件下对我国南方3种砷(As)污染土壤的稳定化修复效果.结果表明,添加一定比例(质量分数30%)水分对于抑制土壤As的毒性浸出具有积极作用,但水分过高(淹水条件)则会引发As的大量活化释放.淹水条件下,FM对As污染土壤具有明显的应用优势,能使韶关、河池和常德这3种土壤毒性浸出质量浓度均显著下降99. 00%以上,使其土壤有效态As含量分别显著降低55. 40%、40. 05%和16. 92%,并增加专性和非专性吸附态As向水合铁铝氧化物结合态的稳定化. FM能使韶关、河池和常德土壤有效态磷(P)含量分别降低0. 60%～6. 67%、15. 74%～50. 00%和32. 48%～40. 39%,这有可能会限制缺P区域农产品对酸性或中性土壤的P摄取. FM对3种供试土壤p H值影响的变化幅度仅为0. 04～0. 07,对土壤环境的影响非常小. FM在我国淹水As污染土壤稳定化修复领域具有较好的应用前景.     

纳米颗粒原位植入法制备改性超滤膜及其抗生物污染性能研究

选取氧化铝分散体(Al2O3)、Linde A型沸石(LTA)、Linde L型沸石(LTL)和X型八面沸石(FAU-X)4种纳米颗粒,采用原位植入的方法对超滤膜进行表面改性,以提高聚砜超滤膜的抗生物污染性能.通过扫描电子显微镜、接触角测定、抗生物污染性能测试等方法来表征改性前后膜结构和性能的变化.结果表明,纳米颗粒在膜表面的原位植入具有其可行性,该方法只改变超滤膜的表面形貌,对断面和底面的结构没有影响;纳米颗粒原位植入法改性后,超滤膜的亲水性有显著提高.就抗生物污染性能而言,纳米颗粒的植入提高了膜的抗粘附性能,在纳米颗粒覆盖的区域没有大肠杆菌粘附生长;在这4种膜中,UF-LTA和UF-LTL膜的抗粘附性能优于UF-Al2O3和UF-FAU-X膜.相较而言,LTA型沸石在膜表面分散效果良好,原位植入后显著改善了膜的亲水性并且表现出较好的抗粘附性能,可作为理想的材料用于下一步研究.但LTA型沸石的抗水流剪切的能力较弱,要想提高该种纳米颗粒在膜表面的结合牢固性,应考虑减小颗粒的粒径.     

铁碳微电解填料对人工湿地温室气体排放的影响

随着全球气候变暖的问题日益严重,人工湿地中温室气体的减排措施也受到越来越多的关注.铁碳微电解填料对废水处理效果良好且具备温室气体减排的潜力,为探究铁碳微电解对间歇曝气人工湿地温室气体排放的影响,本研究构建了以铁碳微电解填料+砾石（湿地Ⅰ）、铁碳微电解填料+沸石（湿地Ⅱ）、沸石（湿地Ⅲ）以及砾石（湿地Ⅳ）为基质的4组人工湿地,并利用间歇曝气技术对湿地系统进行了增氧.结果表明,铁碳微电解填料显著提高了间歇曝气人工湿地的脱氮效果,且具备对人工湿地温室气体的减排作用.与湿地Ⅳ相比,湿地Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ的CH₄排放通量分别平均降低了32.81%（P<0.05）、52.66%（P<0.05）和54.50%（P<0.05）,其中沸石对CH₄的减排效果较优,能显著降低曝气段和非曝气段人工湿地CH₄的排放.铁碳微电解填料明显减少了N₂O的排放,与湿地Ⅳ相比,湿地Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别实现N₂O减排30.29%~60.63%（P<0.05）和43.10%~73.87%（P<0.05）.各组湿地系统在典型周期内排放的CH₄和N₂O引起的综合GWP（以CO₂-eq计）分别为（85.21±6.48）、（49.24±3.52）、（127.97±11.44）和（137.13±11.45）g·m^-2,铁碳微电解填料与沸石的联合使用有效实现了人工湿地温室气体的减排.总体而言,湿地Ⅱ在间歇曝气的条件下对污水净化效果最好,温室气体的减排效果最佳.     

Preparation of SGO-modified nanofiltration membrane and its application in SO42 − and Cl− separation in salt treatment

The lack of fresh water in the world makes the search for an effective method to decontaminate water an urgent priority. An important step is to remove different multivalent ions in salt treatment. Nanofiltration (NF) has been used for treating water containing different kinds of salts. In this work, sulfonate group-modified graphene oxide (SGO) was prepared, and added during the interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction to prepare SGO-modifiedNF membranes (PA-SGO). The chemical composition, structure and surface properties of PA and PA-SGO membranes were characterized by FT-IR, XPS, SEM, AFM, contact angle and zeta potential measurements. Their water flux, salt rejection and anti-fouling abilities were investigated systematically. The testing results showed that the water flux of PA-SGO (0.03% SGO) was 45.85 LMH under a pressure of 0.2?MPa, and the salt rejection varied in the order of Na₂SO₄ (98.99%)?>?MgSO₄ (91.25%)?>?MgCl₂ (42.27%)?>?NaCl (21.96%). An anti-fouling experiment indicated that the PA-SGO membrane had good anti-fouling properties because of its decreased roughness and increased hydrophilicity and electronegativity. The PA-SGO membrane has good potential for use in removing salt ions from water.     

三种氧化铁吸附水环境中砷的试验研究

采用两种人工合成的氧化铁(针铁矿、水铁矿)和赤铁矿作为吸附剂,对含砷(三价砷及三价五价砷混合液)水进行了吸附试验。结果表明,在初始浓度为1200μg/L的As(Ⅲ)溶液中,水铁矿的吸附效果最好,针铁矿和赤铁矿吸附效果较差;在初始pH为7,As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)摩尔比为1:1的混合液中时,三种铁矿对总砷的吸附效果均随着As/Fe摩尔比的增大而减小;在A(sⅢ)和As(Ⅴ)摩尔比为1:1的混合液中,吸附总砷效果最好的是针铁矿,水铁矿次之,赤铁矿的吸附效果最差;A(sⅤ)的存在对除砷效果有一定的影响,三价砷和五价砷共存时,三种铁矿对其吸附具有一定的选择性。     

黄土高原地区两种土地利用方式CO2和N2O排放特征

为探究黄土高原地区两种不同土地利用方式下二氧化碳(CO_2)和氧化亚氮(N_2O)的排放特征,在长武黄土高原农业生态试验站,分别以15 a树龄的果园和麦田为研究对象,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对土壤CO_2和N_2O的排放进行了周年(2017年7月～2018年7月)田间原位观测.试验共设置果园施肥(AF)、果园对照(ACK)、小麦施肥(WF)和小麦对照(WCK)这4个处理.结果表明,土壤CO_2和N_2O排放随季节变化明显,降雨和施肥后均出现明显排放峰.AF处理的CO_2和N_2O累积排放量比WF处理高7. 14%和461. 4%.但ACK的CO_2累积排放量比WCK低10. 41%,而N_2O的累计排放量比WCK高109. 5%.果园N_2O的排放通量与表层土壤温度、水分显著正相关(P 0. 01),果园和麦田的CO_2排放通量均与表层土壤温度显著正相关(P 0. 05),而与表层土壤水分相关性不显著.因此,田间管理和环境因素综合影响土壤CO_2和N_2O排放,施肥量和土壤水热是造成两种土地利用方式CO_2和N_2O的排放特征和温室效应差异的主要因素.     

Removal of nitric oxide from simulated flue gas via denitrification in a hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor

A hollow-fiber membrane bioreactor(HMBR) was studied for its ability to treat nitric oxide(NO) from simulated flue gas. The HMBR was operated for 9 months and showed a maximum elimination capacity of 702 mg NO/(m2·day) with a removal efciency of 86%(gas residence time of 30 sec, inlet NO concentration of 2680 mg/m3, pH 8). Varying operation parameters were tested to determine the stability and response of the HMBR. Both the inlet NO concentration and gas residence time influenced the removal of NO in the HMBR. NO elimination capacity increased with an increase in inlet NO concentration or a shortening of gas residence time. Higher removal efciency of NO was obtained at a longer gas residence time or a lower inlet NO concentration. Microbial communities of the HMBR were sensitive to the variation in pH value and alkalescence corresponding to an optimum pH value of 8. In addition, NO elimination capacity and removal efciency were inversely proportional to the inlet oxygen concentration. Sulfur dioxide had no great influence on elimination capacity and removal efciency of NO. Product analysis was performed to study N2O and N2 production and confirmed that the majority of the microorganisms were denitrifying bacteria in the HMBR. Compared to other bioreactors treating NO, this study showed that the denitrifying HMBR was a good option for the removal of NO.     

中国燃煤N2O排放量监测和总量估算

对我国不同行业典型燃煤设备－电站锅炉,工业锅炉,工业窑炉和用民灶具燃煤烟气中Ｎ２Ｏ的排放量进行了实际监测,测定的Ｎ２Ｏ浓度为１．５－５７．４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３,通过对燃煤煤质分析和烟灰,炉渣中Ｃ含量测定,计算了不同炉具燃煤煤的氧化和烟气量,进而得到了各种炉具燃煤Ｎ２Ｏ的排放因子。     

锰在水库中的分布,对饮用水质的影响及去除对策

水库中的锰主要分布在库区底层水中，锰超标给饮用水质和供水设施带来不利影响。通过泄洪可以大大降低水库中的锰含量。常规的水处理工艺，经预氯化，并投加石灰水，至少能将原水中的锰由０．７８ｍｇ／ｌ降至０．１０ｍｇ／ｌ的限值内，另外，烧杯实验证实了高锰酸钾氧化对降低原水锰含量非常有效。