Cd2+、Cu2+ 和Zn2+ 对5种单细胞藻酯酶基因表达调控的影响

在Cu^2 ,Cd^2 和Zn^2 的作用下，三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin)，湛江叉鞭藻（Dicrateria Zhanjiangensis Hu)，绿色巴夫藻（Pavlova viridis Tseng,Chen et Zhang sp.nov.)青岛大扁藻（Platymonas helgolandica var.Tsingtaoensis Tseng et T.J.Chang) ,小球藻（Chlorella sp.) 等单细胞藻酯酶安生明显的变化，受高浓度的Cu^2 胁迫时三角褐指藻的Est-3座位的a基因，受中等浓度Cd^2 胁迫时的湛江叉鞭藻的Est-3座位的b基因，受低等浓度Cd^2 胁迫时的绿色巴夫藻的Est-1座位的a,b,两个,高浓度Zn^2 胁迫时绿色巴夫藻Est-1座位的b基因，受高浓度Cd^2 胁迫时青岛大扁藻的Est-2座位的c基因，受Cu^2 胁迫时小球藻的Est-1座位的b基因，受中低浓度的Cd^2 ,Zn^2 和低浓度的Cu^2 胁迫时小球藻的Est-2座位的b基因等基因的表达明显增强，而绝大部分位点的基因表达受3种离子的抑制。图5表5参9     

Water quality in a mediterranean marine protected area (North Sporades Islands,Greece)

Pollution in the marine protected area of North Sporades Islands was investigated in July 1997. Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nutrients, organic carbon, hydrocarbons as well as dissolved and particulate trace metals were determined at 15 offshore and coastal stations. Dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nutrient concentrations indicate the mesotrophic character of the investigated waters. The dissolved forms of nitrogen were slightly higher at coastal stations. Dissolved and particulate Cu, Zn and Ni, were higher in coastal stations, whereas concentrations of Pb were generally low and likely of atmospheric origin. Dissolved/Dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons (DDPH) were close to detection limits at all stations. Temperature and salinity vertical profiles, nutrient and trace metal concentrations revealed the presence of a slight influence of the Black Sea water coming from Dardanelles straits.     

大连海域大气气溶胶物质来源分析

在大连海域采集４４个气溶胶样品，利用离子色谱法及原子吸收分光光度法测定其中的ＳＯ４＾２－ｌ，ＮＯ３＾－、Ｃｌ＾－、Ｎａ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋，ＮＨ４＾＋，Ａｌ，Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｄ，应用因子分析，回归分析及比值分析对气溶胶物质来源进行鉴别，结果表明，大连海域大气气溶胶物质主要来自海水、气态物、土壤态、煤烟尘、燃油灰和工业废料。     

三种海洋微藻生长期脂肪酸组成研究

球等鞭金藻、盐藻和小球藻脂肪酸组成气相色谱分析的结果表明 ,三种海洋微藻在指数生长期总多不饱和脂肪酸含量 (TPUFA)明显比稳定生长期高 ,而总饱和脂肪酸含量 (TSFA)在指数生长期间相对较低。球等鞭金藻的DHA ,小球藻的EPA和盐藻的C18∶3均在培养后的第 6d均达最大值。     

5种海鱼脑AChE对2种有机磷农药的敏感性比较

以鲈鱼、黄鱼、美国红鱼、真鲷和黑鲷为实验材料,采用半抑制浓度(IC_(50))和双分子速率常数(K_i)为指标,通过体外抑制作用比较了5种海鱼脑乙酰胆碱酯酶[AChE(EC 3.1.1.7)]对马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的敏感性。结果表明:(1)5种海鱼脑AChE基础活性为10.18～22.64[μmol/(min·g)],黄鱼的酶活性最高,鲈鱼的酶活性最低。(2)对马拉硫磷,由IC_(50)所得到的AChE敏感性为:黄鱼、鲈鱼、真鲷>黑鲷>美国红鱼;由K_i所得到的AChE敏感性为:鲈鱼、黄鱼、真鲷>黑鲷>美国红鱼。对甲基对硫磷,由IC_(50)所得到的AChE敏感性为:鲈鱼>黄鱼、真鲷、黑鲷>美国红鱼;由K_i所得到的AChE敏感性为:鲈鱼、黄鱼、黑鲷>真鲷>美国红鱼。鲈鱼和黄鱼对2种有机磷农药都较为敏感。(3)鱼脑AChE活力抑制作用与水体中的有机磷农药具有良好的剂量—效应关系。在1～100mg/L浓度范围内,两者间呈现较好的线性相关性,其相关系数基本上都在0.98以上。根据AChE的敏感性及其对有机磷农药的线性响应程度,黄鱼和鲈鱼脑AChE分别适于作为监测马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的指示酶。     

Impact of silver nanoparticles on natural marine biofilm bacteria

There has been a recent increase in the use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a wide range of consumer products due to their highly effective antimicrobial properties. However, Ag NPs give cause for concern since their wide use makes them likely to be released into aquatic ecosystems and potentially affect natural bacterial communities. In this study marine biofilms were grown in situ in a coastal site (Singapore Harbour) and exposed in the laboratory for a further 24 h to 0-2000 μg L⁻¹ of well characterised Ag NPs. Increasing concentrations of Ag NPs caused a significant decrease in biofilm volume and biomass, and Ag uptake by biofilms per unit of volume was also dependent on concentration. Terminal fragment length polymorphisms and subsequent cluster and phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of major bacterial groups in biofilms irrespective of treatment with Ag NPs. This implies that even at the highest concentrations studied these taxonomic groups were not displaced. Nevertheless, biofilm succession was impeded on Ag NP treated biofilms, affecting the relative abundance of major bacterial groups in the biofilm community, with potential longer term effects on biofilm development and function.     

三丁基锡对中国近海常见海洋微藻的毒性效应

研究三丁基氯化锡（TBT）对中国近海常见5种硅藻和甲藻（硅藻中丹麦细柱藻（Leptocylindrus danicus）、派格棍形藻（Bacilaria paxillifera）、聚生角毛藻（Chaetoceros socialis）,甲藻中微型原甲藻（Prorocentrum minimum）、简裸甲藻（Gymnodinium simplex））的毒性效应,考察了有机锡对浮游藻光合活性（Fv/Fm）、粒径、生长的影响。结果表明：派格棍形藻、聚生角毛藻、简裸甲藻的光合活性（Fv/Fm）受TBT影响较显著;微型原甲藻、丹麦细柱藻的光合活性受TBT影响较小。高质量浓度TBT胁迫下海洋微藻峰值粒径显著减小,低质量浓度TBT对峰值粒径影响不显著。低质量浓度TBT对派格棍形藻、聚生角毛藻、简裸甲藻、微型原甲藻均有较强的毒性作用,非检测毒性浓度（NDEC）分别为1.17、1.07、0.23、3.73μg.L-1,丹麦细柱藻对TBT具有很强耐受性,NDEC为112.62μg.L-1。     

Levels and distribution of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in fishes from Manila Bay, the Philippines

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) and stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) were determined in 58 fishes belonging to 20 species collected from Manila Bay, the Philippines. OPCs were detected in most of the samples and found up to μg/g lw (lipid weight) level, suggesting their ubiquitous presence in the coastal marine environment of the Philippines. Higher levels (>1000 ng/g lw) of total OPCs were determined in yellowstriped goatfish, silver sillago, tripletail wrasse and bumpnose trevally indicates either their active uptake from ambient water or lower metabolic capacity of these species. Levels of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) in demersal species showed a positive correlation with δ¹⁵N, indicating that TPhP was adsorbed onto the particle, settled down to the bottom sediment and accumulated through the benthic food web rather than the pelagic. Estimated dietary intake of OPCs in Manila Bay fishes were four to five orders of magnitude lower than the proposed reference dose (RfD).     

利用微藻同步实现CO2生物固定与养殖废水脱氮除磷

文章欲通过对小球藻Chlorella sp.的优化培养提高微藻的固碳率以及对养殖废水中氮、磷的去除率。探讨了光强、初始氮浓度(ITNC)、CO2通气比、通气间隔时间和连续培养时间等因素对Chlorella sp.固定CO2和净化污水的能力的影响。结果表明,在光强240μmol/(m·s)、初始氮浓度128 mg/L、通气比0.3 m3/(m3·min)、通气通断间隔15 s/60 s条件下培养10 d,微藻达到最高固碳率564.67 mg/(L·d),与此同时,氮、磷去除率和生物质浓度分别达到66.72%、55.95%和3.50 g/L。     

Effect of Cd on GSH and GSH-related enzymes of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L existing in Antarctic ice

Glutathione(GSH) and GSH-related enzymes play a great role in protecting organisms from oxidative damage. The GSH level and GSH-related enzymes activities were investigated as well as the growth yield and malonyldialdehyde(MDA) content in the Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L exposure to the different cadmium concentration in this paper. The results showed that the higher concentration Cd inhibited the growth of ICE-L significantly and Cd would induce formation of MDA. At the same time, it is clear that GSH level, glutathione peroxidases(GPx) activity and glutathione S-transferases(GST), activity were higher in ICE-L exposed to Cd than the control. But GR activity dropped notably when ICE-L were cultured in the medium containing Cd. Increase of GSH level, GPx and GST activities acclimate to oxidative stress induced by Cd and protect Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L from toxicity caused by Cd exposure. These parameters may be used to assess the biological impact of Cd in the Antarctic pole region environment.