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固体测汞仪采用热分解齐化原子吸收光度法,此方法可以直接测定土壤中汞的含量。通过实验分析表明:此方法相关系数r≥0.999,检出限为0.01 ng,精密度为6.0%~9.1%,准确度为0%~6.7%,加标回收率为95%~107%。本方法具有简便、快速、准确、干扰少、成本低等优点,适合大批量土壤样品的测定。 相似文献
124.
基于TEOM RP1400a PM10型测尘仪的工作原理,文中提出了仪器的日常维护的注意点;同时,对出现负值、流量不正常、显示屏监测数据上下非连续性明显波动、屏幕显示不正常等情况进行了分析,并且提出了相应的解决方案。 相似文献
125.
Martin Hvarregaard Thorse Mikael Skou Andersen Mark V. Brady Morten Graversgaard Emils Kilis Anders Branth Pedersen Samuli Pitzn Helena Valve 《Ambio》2022,51(1):36
Following decades of international collaboration to restore the Baltic Sea, we provide an assessment of the domestic implementation of measures agreed to limit diffuse agricultural pollution and the patterns of policy instruments applied. Despite the Helsinki Convention being unusually specific in detailing what measures countries should introduce, we find many shortcomings. These are most pronounced in the larger countries (Poland, Germany and Russia), while smaller countries perform better, notably Sweden and Estonia. The patterns of policy instruments applied differ, influenced by domestic politics. The limited use of complementary policy instruments suggests that other priorities overrule full and effective implementation, with engagement mirroring the advantages that a restored Baltic Sea can bring to countries. Using the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development to support farmers in managing nutrients, particularly advisory services and investments in modern manure management technologies, represents a significant opportunity for reducing agricultural pollution in most countries.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01549-3. 相似文献
126.
电子仪器在国防科研、生产和人们的日常生活中起到越来越重要的作用。正常使用电子仪器会给我们的工作和生活带来许多有利的因素,而仪器的使用过程中市电的供应、接地的好坏又是直接影响仪器工作决定条件。本人在多年的实际工作过程中遇到一些具体的问题,在这里提出些见解,仅供参考。 相似文献
127.
The effectiveness of market-based conservation in the tropics: forest certification in Ecuador and Bolivia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
During the last decade, forest certification has gained momentum as a market-based conservation strategy in tropical forest countries. Certification has been promoted to enhance forest management in countries where governance capacities are insufficient to adequately manage natural resources and enforce pertinent regulations, given that certification relies largely on non-governmental organisations and private businesses. However, at present there are few tropical countries with large areas of certified forests. In this study, we conducted semi-structured stakeholder interviews in Ecuador and Bolivia to identify key framework conditions that influence the costs and benefits for companies to switch from conventional to certified forestry operations. Bolivia has a much greater relative area under certified forest management than Ecuador and also significantly more certified producers. The difference in the success of certification between both countries is particularly notable because Bolivia is a poorer country with more widespread corruption, and is landlocked with less access to export routes. Despite these factors, several characteristics of the Bolivian forest industry contribute to lower additional costs of certified forest management compared to Ecuador. Bolivia has stronger government enforcement of forestry regulations a fact that increases the cost of illegal logging, management units are larger, and vertical integration in the process chain from timber extraction to markets is higher. Moreover, forestry laws in Bolivia are highly compatible with certification requirements, and the government provides significant tax benefits to certified producers. Results from this study suggest that certification can be successful in countries where governments have limited governance capacity. However, the economic incentives for certification do not only arise from favourable market conditions. Certification is likely to be more successful where governments enforce forestry laws, provide financial incentives for certified forestry, and provide land tenure security, and where large-scale and vertically integrated forestry operations are commercially feasible. For this reason, at present, there are few developing countries where forest certification is likely to achieve widespread success. 相似文献
128.
基层环境监测站承担着大量监测数据来源的责任,监测数据的质量不容忽视,但基层环境监测站普遍存在对仪器期间核查忽视的问题,严重影响数据质量的可靠程度,所以应根据仪器的性能和使用情况,在规定的时间间隔内,使用相应的核查方法,对仪器进行期间核查,及时预防和发现不合格的仪器并避免误用,保证监测结果持续的准确性、有效性,以维护环境监测站和客户的权益。 相似文献
129.
Irene Bouwma Duncan Liefferink Rob Van Apeldoorn Bas Arts 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2016,18(2):214-233
This article reviews the influence of two specific European Union (EU) laws, the Birds and Habitats Directives, on the choice of national policy instruments by Member States. Both Directives leave the choice for policy instruments to manage the sites designated under the Directives to the Member States. Using path dependency as a leading concept, this article analyses the continuity or changes in policy instruments due to the implementation of the Directives in 15 countries. This article shows that the tendency to use existing instruments to implement EU policy is limited, as in almost all countries new instruments were developed. Yet, states do tend to choose instruments from their predominant policy instrument mix and preferred implementation style to address the management requirements of the Directives. Additionally, in Central and Eastern European countries where the implementation of EU policy coincided with a process of transition to a market economy, new instruments were introduced outside the existing implementation style. The introduction of new policy instruments is the result of historical turns, domestic pressure and a shift to new modes of governance. National case studies are needed to shed more light on the interaction between EU policy and domestic factors during the process of instrument choice. 相似文献
130.
双波长紫外吸收法有机废水COD测量技术与仪器设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
紫外吸收法直接测定有机废水COD是一种无需化学试剂、无样品前处理、无二次污染的绿色无损检测技术,但在实际应用中发现,有机废水中的悬浮物对测量结果产生较大影响.以实际废水水样为例,详细阐述了双波长紫外吸收法测量有机废水COD的操作方法及其消除悬浮物干扰的原理,并介绍了运用该技术设计开发的COD在线测量仪器.该仪器采用嵌入式计算机系统实时采集和处理数据,根据实际废水在双波长测量条件下的有效紫外吸光度快速推算出其COD值,具有快速、准确、无污染的特点. 相似文献