Characterizing the source/sink behavior of double-layer building materials

A model is developed to predict the rate of mass transfer between a double-layer material and indoor air. The model allows non-uniform initial material-phase concentrations in each of the two layers and a transient influent gas-phase concentration to be considered. This model builds on a recently validated single-layer model and should prove useful in predicting the behavior of double-layer material assemblies. Many indoor furnishings and building structures are comprised of layers of different material. The approach taken here represents a first step in the development of a more generally applicable multi-layer model. An analytical solution to the double-layer model is obtained and a parametric analysis is performed illustrating the behavior of the model as a function of the primary model parameters. The paper concludes by examining the potential use of thin diffusion barriers to reduce material emission rates and a hypothetical example of emissions from an adhesive that is part of an adhesive/material assembly.     

深基坑边坡支护信息化施工技术研究

运用位移监控信息、土体平衡原理、护壁桩支撑设计原理指导深基坑支护适应基坑深度变大的难题,具有施工方便、经济、安全的、工期短等特点,为在闹市区深基坑支护施工提供了经验.图1,表1,参7.     

西洞庭湖自然保护区鸟类资源调查

为更好地调查了解西洞庭湖自然保护区的鸟类资源，保护和维持生态平衡，2003—2005年我们对西洞庭湖自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了观察和动态监测，共观察到和鉴定出湿地鸟类217种，隶属于15目58科．本文具体地报道了2003—2005年的鸟类资源调查和动态监测结果，鸟类资源所面临的威胁及其保护措施．     

污水生物处理单元平衡分析方法研究(Ⅰ)

依据热力学第二定律建立了污水处理单元平衡分析的灰箱模型,提出了进行处理单元过程评价的指标体系.在热力学意义上,污水生物处理是通过微生物内部的耗散来消耗污水污染物能量的过程,推动该过程加速进行需要耗费外部的.因此,节能的主要目的是节,即应防止推动力过剩造成反应器单元的外部损失.这一方法体系将为合理科学评判处理过程能耗机制奠定重要的理论基础.     

浅谈生态平衡的破坏和重建

通过列举古今中外实例 ,从生态学角度 ,阐述生态平衡的重要性及深远意义 ,警示世人大自然法则不容破坏 ,保护和重建生态平衡就是保护人类的生存与发展。     

重庆降水研究的质量控制和质量保证

本文介绍重庆地区酸雨研究的质量控制程序。合理布点、采样,样品预处理和存贮条件的研究,严格的分析测试和质控检验,是获得可比可信分析质量的保证。     

江苏新沂市越流含水层的地下水资源评价

中国利用越流含水层作为城市供水水源地的实例并不多见。本文根据实际开采资料,利用伽略金（Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ）有限元法计算当补给层水头变化时越流含水层的地下水资源,并提出水位预测的方法。还利用补给层的水量平衡评价越流含水层开采量的保证程度,预测了新水源地投产后对老水源地的影响。本文对于正确认识越流含水层的地下水资源特性及其在城市供水中的意义有重要参考价值。     

污水生物处理单元能量平衡与分析方法研究与应用

在提出污染物内能概念的基础上，对污水生物处理工艺能量平衡和分析的原理与方法进行了探讨，建立了能量平衡研究的基本模型。据此对国内四座不同工艺的城市污水处理厂进行了生物处理单元的能量衡算，并采用两类指标对处理单元耗能状况进行了评价。应用能量平衡分析方法可进行处理工艺的设计遴选和建成后运转效果的评判，以及指导处理厂有针对性地采取节能降耗措施。     

多模式发展的港口生态承载力演变

生态承载力是区域可持续发展的重要衡量标准,研究港口生态承载力状况并预测其演变趋势有利于港口生态可持续发展。针对现有港口生态承载力研究中生态过程机制、时间动态性考虑不足等问题,引入系统动力学理论,结合港口生态系统的特点,从社会经济、资源、环境3个方面进行因果反馈分析,在此基础上构建港口生态承载力的系统动力学模型。从港口生态供需关系的角度出发,引入生态承载力供需平衡指数,对港口生态承载力状况进行评价。以大连某港区为例,以GDP增长率、环保投资比重、单位吞吐量综合能耗、单位吞吐量水资源消耗量、单位吞吐量COD产生量、单位吞吐量SO_2产生量、单位吞吐量固废产生量作为调控变量,动态仿真自然发展模式、经济快速增长模式、协调发展模式和资源环境保护模式4种港口发展模式下2015—2030年港口生态承载力演变趋势。结果表明:能源消耗是制约该港区生态承载力改善的重要瓶颈,优化港口用能结构、加强港口能源管理有助于改善港口生态承载力;经济资源环境协调发展模式是实现港口生态系统可持续发展的最优模式。     

An integrated chemical mass balance and source emission inventory model for the source apportionment of PM2.5 in typical coastal areas

The source apportionment of PM_2.5 is essential for pollution prevention. In view of the weaknesses of individual models, we proposed an integrated chemical mass balance-source emission inventory (CMB-SEI) model to acquire more accurate results. First, the SEI of secondary component precursors (SO₂, NO_x, NH₃, and VOCs) was compiled to acquire the emission ratios of these sources for the precursors. Then, a regular CMB simulation was executed to obtain the contributions of primary particle sources and secondary components (SO₄^2?, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, and SOC). Afterwards, the contributions of secondary components were apportioned into primary sources according to the source emission ratios. The final source apportionment results combined the contributions of primary sources by CMB and SEI. This integrated approach was carried out via a case study of three coastal cities (Zhoushan, Taizhou, and Wenzhou; abbreviated WZ, TZ, and ZS) in Zhejiang Province, China. The regular CMB simulation results showed that PM_2.5 pollution was mainly affected by secondary components and mobile sources. The SEI results indicated that electricity, industrial production and mobile sources were the largest contributors to the emission of PM_2.5 gaseous precursors. The simulation results of the CMB-SEI model showed that PM_2.5 pollution in the coastal areas of Zhejiang Province presented complex pollution characteristics dominated by mobile sources, electricity production sources and industrial production sources. Compared to the results of the CMB and SEI models alone, the CMB-SEI model completely apportioned PM_2.5 to primary sources and simultaneously made the results more accurate and reliable in accordance with local industrial characteristics.